Selection of watermelon rootstock
The following principles should be mastered when selecting watermelon rootstocks: choose plants with high grafting affinity and symbiotic affinity as rootstocks; choose plants with high resistance to Fusarium wilt as rootstocks; choose plants with no adverse effects on watermelon quality and results as rootstocks.
Rootstock seedlings and scion seedlings
Determine the sowing time according to the specific situation. The nursery greenhouse is 5m wide and 30m long, and it is suitable to run from north to south. The nutrient soil for seedling selection shall be field soil or vegetable garden soil that has not been planted with dry crops such as melons, potatoes, tomatoes, etc., and add an appropriate amount of humus soil fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer (add 5 kg soil fertilizer and 2.5 kg calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer per 50 kg of nutrient soil), After 15-20 days of stacking, put it into a nutrition bowl for use.
The rootstock seeds are sterilized with 500 times solution of Tobbutin or Carbendazim and germinated after soaking for 2-3 hours. The germination temperature is controlled at 25 ℃ -30 ℃ and the humidity is about 85%. After 2 days, the germinated rootstock seeds are sown in nutrition In the bowl, when the cotyledons are flat and the true leaves are fresh (7-10 days), they are used for grafting. The scion seeds are germinated and seeded in the same way 2 to 3 days after the rootstock emerges. After 2 days from the emergence, grafting can be performed when the cotyledons change from yellow to green.
Before grafting, control the temperature of the rootstock and scion seedbeds and keep the humidity low to prevent the rootstock and scion seedlings from growing too long. When rootstock seedlings appear earlier than scion seedlings, the rootstock growth can be suppressed by controlling the temperature of the rootstock seedbed or tilting the rootstock seedlings.
Grafting technology and management of grafted seedlings
Choose good weather and grafting when the greenhouse temperature is above 15 ℃. Plugging method, abutment method, and splitting method can be used. At present, the plugging method is more commonly used. This method is easy to operate and has a high survival rate. The specific measures are as follows:
Before grafting, the rootstock seedlings are drenched with water, the greenhouse is shaded, and kept warm and moisturized. The bamboo slices are cut to the same thickness as the hypocotyls of the scion seedlings, the cross section is semi-circular, and the tip is tapered into a wedge-shaped bamboo stick. Cut off the rootstock seedling growth point, insert the cotyledon hypocotyl to a depth of about 0.5cm with a bamboo stick at the growth point, take the scion seedlings, cut obliquely on each side above the hypocotyl to make it wedge-shaped, and then pull out the rootstock In the bamboo stick, the scion scion is accurately inserted into the hole of the rootstock, and the cotyledon of the grafted seedling rootstock and the scion cotyledon are crossed. After the grafting, immediately cover the grafted plant with a film, keep the temperature in the shed at 25 ° C-28 ° C, and protect it from light. Do not ventilate and water for 5-7 days to facilitate the healing of the interface. After 1 week, remove the sunshade and let The seedbed is permeable to weak light. Ventilate the seedbed once in the morning and evening to adjust the temperature and humidity of the seedbed. In the future, increase the ventilation time and frequency appropriately, reduce the temperature, and avoid grafting the seedlings. Injury the cotyledons, so as not to affect the normal growth of the scion. At the same time, strengthen seedlings. Grafted seedlings can be transplanted in the field after 20 days.
Field cultivation management
Fertilize the ground 15 days before transplanting, fertilize 1,000 kg of soil fertilizer per acre, 25 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, 25 kg of superphosphate, and use plastic mulch and small shed cultivation. Plant 500-600 plants per acre. Transplantation will begin in early March. After planting, control the temperature in the shed, pay attention to the seedling condition and illness in the shed, and apply vine fertilizer to the middle of April, and ventilate the seedlings in time to open the vine.
The cultivation of grafted watermelons in the protective field in spring requires strict pruning, leaving two vines per plant, and the remaining side branches are all removed. It is better to choose the second female flower for artificial pollination, and the fruit setting depends on the vine. To prevent premature aging; grow vigorously, topping 7 to 10 knots after fruit setting, leaving 1 fruit per plant. When pruning, do not pull or break the main vine branches and leaves. Field timely control downy mildew, blight, anthracnose. After pollination, the watermelon can be matured and marketed in about 30 days, and the market time is generally mid-late May.
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