Peach trees have the characteristics of fast growth and early maturity. Reasonable formula fertilization is of great significance for regulating the annual supply of fruit and meeting the needs of the market. The formula fertilization of peach trees should be based on the characteristics of growth and development in each period of the annual cycle and the requirements of fertilizers, and then comprehensively consider the varieties, tree age, tree potential, yield and soil conditions of peach orchards.
Peach trees are more resistant to barrenness, less fertilizer is needed during saplings, and the amount of fertilizer applied to adult peach trees should be nitrogen (N) 0.4-0.5 kg, phosphorus (P205) 0.2-0.3 kg, potassium (K2O) 0.5 for every 100 kg of fruit produced. ~0.7 kg.
Fertilization is divided into two types: base fertilizer and topdressing. The base fertilizer is applied after harvesting in autumn. The dosage is 2 to 3 times of the yield. The organic fertilizer is mainly used together with inorganic fertilizer. Generally, the fertilizer is 3000 to 3500 kg. Or commercial organic fertilizer 400 ~ 450 kg, diammonium phosphate 13 ~ 17 kg, urea 6 kg, potassium sulfate 5 kg. There are three methods of application: one is the outer ring of the canopy (suitable for the young tree); the other is the external ditch of the canopy (suitable for the peak tree); the third is the whole garden (suitable for the dense planting) Age Taoyuan). For example, early spring application of base fertilizer should be as early as possible. When the soil temperature is stable at 4 to 5 °C, the roots of the peach tree begin to move; the soil temperature rises and the root activity accelerates. If the root system is not carefully protected when digging the fertilization ditch, a large number of roots will affect the root absorption.
Topdressing is generally 2 to 3 times a year, the first germination period: generally started about 2 weeks before germination. In order to supplement the lack of nutrients in the tree in the previous year, the flowering is neat, the fruit setting rate is increased, and the leaf area is enlarged and the growth of the new shoots is promoted. The fertilizer is mainly available nitrogen fertilizer, and each plant applies about 0.5 kg of urea. In the second fruit hard core period, the top dressing can promote embryo and nuclear development, germination and differentiation, fruit enlargement and lay the foundation for the results. Generally, the compound fertilizer is mainly used; after the third fruit harvesting, the fertilizer can be supplemented, the nutrient accumulation in the autumn can be enhanced, and the wintering ability can be improved. The type and amount of fertilization are the same as the second time.
Top dressing is an essential supplement to soil fertilization. Because peach trees are sensitive to trace elements, they are prone to temporary deficiency. Therefore, it is more important for top dressing. When spraying 0.2% boric acid aqueous solution at the initial flowering stage, the fruit setting rate can reach 80% or more. Spraying 0.2%-0.3% calcium nitrate during the rapid expansion of the fruit can increase the hardness of the fruit, reduce the number of fruit softening fruits in the fruit and skin sutures, increase the grade, quality and price of the fruit, and increase the economic income of the fruit growers.
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