1.Strengthening comprehensive management to maintain a strong tree and increase its wintering power
Reasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer in the early stage of growth promotes its normal growth, and in the late stage (mid-August), phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and basal fertilizers are added, no or less N fertilizer is applied, and irrigation is strictly controlled to reduce soil water content and allow the tree to store more nutrients . During the growing season, topping and twisting tips can control the later growth and make the young tree enter the fruiting period earlier. During winter shearing, cutting off some of the autumn shoots can reduce water evaporation, improve the ability of the branches to resist freezing and drought, and prevent large leafhoppers from laying eggs on the branches, so as not to cause drawing.
2.Frozen water
Before freezing the soil, irrigating frozen water once in about mid to late November can increase the cold resistance of the tree and reduce the occurrence of stripping and freezing damage.
3. The trunk is painted white
Common formulations for whitening agent: 30 parts of water, 9 parts of quicklime, 1.5 parts of stone sulfur mixture stock solution, 1.5 parts of table salt, 0.5 parts of animal and vegetable oil.
4. Hay bale method
Bunch the branches into a bunch, then wrap the tree with a straw curtain. (2) Single dry bale method. Cover the trunk with a straw curtain or grass.
For larger young trees.
5.Buried soil method
(1) Buried soil method. The tree body is gently overwhelmed and laid flat on the ground, and a bundle of straw rope is used to directly cover the soil with a thickness of 40 cm. (2) Underground soil burial method. Digging trenches between rows, the size of the trench is the size of the overwhelming tree, the main and side branches are bundled on the central trunk and placed in the trench to cover the soil, the soil thickness is 20cm above the ground. The burial method is only suitable for young trees of 1 to 2 years.
6, spray cold protection agent
Spraying cmc fruit tree antifreeze, high-fat film, and tree coat can form a protective film on the surface of the tree body, reduce transpiration, and improve cold resistance. In mid-February and mid-March, spray 150 times of cmc each time to prevent draws and the effect is significant.
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Sprinkler irrigation and micro-irrigation automatic control equipment With the development of economy, water resources, energy shortage and labor cost increase, more and more water-saving irrigation systems will adopt automatic control. This article focuses on the advantages and classification of automated irrigation.
The advantages are as follows:
(1) It is possible to truly control the amount of irrigation, irrigation time and irrigation cycle in a timely and appropriate manner, thereby increasing crop yield and significantly improving water utilization.
(2) Saving labor and operating expenses.
(3) The work plan can be arranged conveniently and flexibly, and the management personnel do not have to go to the field at night or other inconvenient time.
(4) Since it can increase the effective working time every day, the initial capital investment in pipelines, pumping stations, etc. can be reduced accordingly.
classification:
First, fully automated irrigation system
The fully automated irrigation system does not require direct human involvement. The pre-programmed control procedures and certain parameters that reflect the water requirements of the crop can automatically open and close the pump for a long time and automatically irrigate in a certain order. The role of the person is simply to adjust the control program and overhaul the control equipment. In this system, in addition to emitters (heads, drip heads, etc.), pipes, fittings, pumps, and motors, it also includes central controllers, automatic valves, sensors (soil moisture sensors, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, water level sensors, and rain sensors). Etc.) and wires.
Second, semi-automatic irrigation system
In the semi-automated irrigation system, no sensors are installed in the field. The irrigation time, irrigation volume and irrigation period are controlled according to pre-programmed procedures, rather than feedback based on crop and soil moisture and meteorological conditions. The degree of automation of such systems is very different. For example, some pump stations implement automatic control, and some pump stations use manual control. Some central controllers are only one timer with simple programming function, and some systems have no central control. The controller, but only some of the sequential switching valves or volume valves are installed on each branch pipe.
Automated irrigation is the trend of the times. In the future water-saving irrigation projects, more and more automated irrigation systems will be applied.
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