October is the season of transition to winter in the fall, the temperature drops rapidly, and some areas will have continuous rain, drought and early frost. At this time, it is a critical period for the production of citrus, and farmers who grow citrus must pay attention to it. So how do you manage citrus in October?
First, nursery management
Continue to complete the work of grafting grafts. After the autumn shoots are mature, the qualified seedlings will be planted or planted.
Second, sapling management
1, seedlings planting
1 Dig a well planted hole. The standard for planting holes is 1.2 meters in length and width and 0.8-1.0 meters in depth. When burrowing, the topsoil is piled up for backfilling. Look back at the pressure fertilizer. The bottom layer first puts 10 cm of poor soil, then puts 50 kg of soil and fertilizer, or 10 kg of crop draft stalk, and then returns 10 cm of poor soil; the middle layer will be rotten pig cow dung 25 kg, human waste 15 kg or oil cake 2 Kilograms (to be decomposed), 1.5 kg of superphosphate, placed around the colonization hole, mixed back soil 30 cm; the upper layer is backfilled with the best topsoil. After backfilling, dig a planting hole of about 0.4 meters in the center of the planting hole.
2 container seedlings planted. Take the seedlings and loosen the nutrient bucket with the palm of your hand, take out the seedlings; use the left hand to hold the seedlings, use the right fingertip to scrape the nutrient soil around the roots by about one centimeter, remove the nutrient soil at the lower end of the roots by about 1/4, and bend the lower end of the root. Root, cut the roots with a branch shear. Put the seedlings into the center of the planting hole with your left hand, the roots are upright, and the root neck should be exposed to the ground; when the soil is backfilled with 1/3 of the root system, use both hands to press the roots around the soil, then lift the seedlings up, then return to the soil, use double The feet are solid around the seedlings. When you step on the soil, protect the nutrient soil brought by the roots. After planting the tree, make a circle around the tree plate. After the seedlings are planted, they are about 50 cm above the ground to ensure that the roots of the seedlings are not sunken after the soil sinks. After the seedlings are planted, the water is infiltrated in time to make the roots and the soil closely combined. Seedlings planted in rainy days, each plant is about 15 kg of clean water. The seedlings planted on sunny days are filled with about 25 kg of clean water. 10 days after planting, water was re-irrigated. In the next three months, 60 g of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium each contained 15%) was used.
2, fertilization
In the upper and middle of October, 1-3 years old saplings were 52, 76, and 102 grams of urea per plant, 40, 40, and 55 grams of superphosphate, respectively, and potassium sulfate was 17, 25, and 33 grams, respectively. Fertilization method: using annular fertilization. Shi. Shallow ploughing of the tree tray, and then making a tree tray with a diameter of 1.2 to 1.5 meters, which is conducive to the good development of the root system. The citrus line is about 15 cm in between, and the weeds are pressed into the soil to increase the soil fertility. In the first ten days and the end of October, 0.3% urea + 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate was used for foliar application.
Third, the result tree management
1. Fertilization
In the first and middle of October, the initial results tree: 7-8 kg of manure per manure, 0.1-0.2 kg of urea; adult fruit tree: 10 kg of pig manure per plant and 0.1 kg of urea. Fertilization method: strip or radial fertilization, the width of the fertilization ditch is 0.3 m each, the length depends on the crown, and some roots are cut off to promote the growth of new roots. After the fertilizer is applied, the soil is immersed and the tree plate is prepared. Take the water around the canopy as the standard, and plow the tree in the tray, and base the tree plate for the good development of the root system. The citrus line is about 15 cm in between, and the weeds are pressed into the soil to increase the soil fertility.
In early and late October, 0.3% urea + 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate was used for foliar application to reduce the occurrence of cracking.
2, properly manage the drainage ditch. Prevent stagnant water in the orchard and promote good root growth.
3. Remove the cracked fruit and autumn flowers in time to reduce the consumption of the tree.
Fourth, the aging tree
The age of the tree is more than 40 years. From a large number of results to a gradual decline in production, it is called an aging tree. A planned update of the canopy and root system is required.
1, deep turn pressure fertilizer
After October to picking fruit, every other row in the citrus line is turned over and completed in two years, so that there are fewer injuries. Deeply open the ditch at the periphery of the canopy, 60 to 100 cm deep and 100 cm wide. Pay attention to the following three issues when deep turning:
1 Deep turn to make full use of the topsoil: When deep turning, the topsoil is piled up for backfilling.
2 Deeply digging through the wall: When deep turning, the knotted soil at the root of the absorption must be opened, and the roots of a diameter of about 1 cm should be cut with a branch to promote new roots.
3 Deep turning should be combined with pressure fertilizer: after deep turning, the topsoil and better fertilizer are placed around the absorbent root. Each plant is pressed into 100 kg of slag fertilizer, 1 kg of cake fertilizer, 1 kg of superphosphate or calcium magnesium phosphate. Phosphate fertilizer and cake fertilizer are mixed with topsoil and pressed into the root distribution layer, because the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers have poor mobility in the soil. After the end of the deep-expanding acupoints, the water is permeated once in time to make the roots and the soil tightly combined, which is beneficial to the root system and tight binding, which is conducive to the development of the root system.
2, fertilization
Each plant was given 10 kg of pig manure and 0.2 kg of urea. Foliar application was carried out with 0.3% urea + 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
5. Pest control
October is the occurrence period of spider mites, rust tick, leaf miner, and larvae. It should be checked frequently and prevented in time.
The above is the management technical point of October citrus. In October, the temperature gradually decreased and the rainfall decreased. At this time, the citrus was in the late ripening stage and the late stage of fruit expansion. In addition to strengthening the management of the fruit, in the middle and late of this month, The flower promotion work should also be carried out in time to ensure the production and quality of citrus next year.
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