Seed pests are one of the first sources of rice pests. Selecting healthy seeds or adopting appropriate disinfectant and insecticidal methods for the main pests and diseases contained in seeds, and coordinating soil treatment are important ways to reduce the sources of pests and promote pollution-free cultivation. Therefore, for the pollution-free cultivation of rice, it is necessary to conduct a “physical examination†on the seeds before sowing. 1, using potassium permanganate staining method to check the valley and rice elephant seed sample 15 grams, remove impurities, pour copper wire, soak in water at 30 °C for 1 minute, then move into 1% potassium permanganate solution Dyeing for 1 minute. Then wash with water, pour it on a white blotting paper and examine with a magnifier, pick out the spots with a diameter of 0.5 mm on the grain surface to calculate the pest content. 2. Use the specific gravity method to check other covert pests. Take 100 g of seed sample to remove impurities. Pour into salt saturated solution (35.9 g of salt is dissolved in 1000 ml of water), stir for 10-15 minutes, and stand still for 1-2 minutes. The seeds suspended in the upper layer were taken out for anatomical examination: Take about 5 grams of the sample, and use a scalpel to cut or cut the victim's damaged part or suspicious part and check the pests. Calculate the amount of insects. 3, using absorbent paper method to check the rice blast disease to take 400 seed samples, the petri dish of absorbent paper moistened with water, sowing 25 seeds per petri dish. The culture was incubated for 7 days at 22°C with alternating periods of 12 hours dark place and 12 hours near UV light. The rice blast conidia on each seed were examined under 12 to 50 magnifications. This fungus typically produces small, unobtrusive, gray to green conidia on the glumes. The conidia are bundled on top of a short, slender conidiophore. Hyphae rarely cover whole seeds. In case of doubt, the conidia can be checked under 200x microscope for verification. 4, using absorbent paper method to examine the specimen of the disease, take 400 seeds, the petri dishes in the absorbent paper moist with water, sowing 25 seeds per petri dish. The cells were incubated in a dark place at 12°C for 12 hours and in alternate cycles of near-ultraviolet light for 12 days at a temperature of 22°C. Check the conidia of each seed for flax leaf spot under a 12-50x magnifying glass. Conidial stems and light-colored aerial hyphae are formed on the seed coat, and sometimes germs spread to blotting paper. 5. Check the bacterial disease with the planting method and use the growing plant for inspection. When the seedling or part of the plant is subjected to an infection test. It should be noted that plants transmit infections from other sources and control various conditions. The health check report indicates the degree of seed health by using the percentage of infected samples or the number of pathogens in the sample weight for examination. If the percentage of infection is high or the number of pathogens is large, then the seeds are not healthy, otherwise the seeds are healthy or relatively healthy.
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