In China's wheat-producing areas, especially in the high-yielding fields of Huanghuai and northern winter wheat areas, the premature death due to dry hot wind often reduces grain weight. Delaying senility and increasing grain weight have become a technical problem to be solved in the production of 400-500 kilograms of high-yield fields and 600 kilograms of ultra-high-yield fields.
The main points of cultivation techniques for delaying aging and increasing grain weight include:
1. The first fertilizer in spring is moved backwards, that is, nitrogen fertilizer is moved backwards. This is the physiological basis for delaying aging and increasing grain weight. In this way, the photosynthetic rate of the flag leaf at the late growth stage can be increased, the absorption capacity of the root system in the later growth period of wheat can be increased, the proportion of photosynthetic products distributed to the grain can be increased, and the nitrogen absorption and utilization of nitrogen, especially the fertilizer, can be promoted.
2. Reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied at the end and increase the proportion of topdressing nitrogen fertilizer. Changing conventional cultivation of all nitrogen fertilizer at the end of the application or base ratio is too large (bottom recovery ratio of 1:0 or 7:3) to reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied at the end, increase the ratio of topdressing nitrogen fertilizer (base recovery ratio of 5:5 or 3 : 7) Solved the problem that the quality of strong gluten and medium gluten wheat varieties cannot reach the national standard and the yield is not high. After nitrogen application, the activity of nitrate reductase in the flag leaf in the mid- and early filling period can be significantly increased, the nitrogen assimilation ability can be improved, the quality of grain protein can be improved, the photosynthetic rate of flag leaf after anthesis can be increased, the duration of photosynthetic high value can be prolonged, and the quality of grain starch can be improved. Yield.
3. Change traditional irrigation to low-rate irrigation before and mid-fertility, and control irrigation later. In regions with an average annual precipitation of 600 mm or so, traditional irrigation water, winter water, jointing water, booting water, and grouting water will be changed to water, water for drawing water, and water for flowering, saving 1 or 2 waterings. It solved the problems that the quality of strong gluten wheat varieties was reduced due to more irrigation times, greater irrigation volume, and improper irrigation time in conventional cultivation.
In addition, potassium and sulfur fertilizers should also be added appropriately and appropriately. Potassium application increased wheat flag leaf phosphate sucrose synthase activity and soluble protein content, prolonged the duration of photosynthetic high value and delayed aging, increased grain weight, increased yield and improved quality. The yield, quality, and efficiency of potassium application are 7.5~11.25 kg/mu. Appropriate application of sulfur fertilizer can increase nitrate reductase activity in the flag leaf and roots of wheat during late growth period, delay ageing, increase grain weight, increase yield, and improve quality. High-yield, high-quality, high-efficiency sulphur application amounts to about 4.5 kilograms of pure sulfur per mu. (Yu Zhenwen, head of the wheat expert guidance group of the Ministry of Agriculture)
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