January enters the coldest time of the year, and the apple trees are in deep dormancy. At this time, we should do a good job in orchard management focusing on shaping and pruning, cultivate a standardized tree shape and good tree structure, strengthen winter protection, improve the ability of the tree to survive winter, and do a good job in basic orchard management.
Plastic trimming
1. Sapling plastic surgery. The saplings planted that year should be dried at a distance of 0.8 to 1 m; in the future, depending on the strength of the central stem, it can be cut or thrown. 2. The saplings are trimmed and trimmed according to the slender spindle shape. The saplings less than 3 years old are cut into polished rods without leaving branches to increase the grade difference. The central trunk of the saplings is thinned out and the branches are left short at the base (1~2 cm) , Cut into oblique horse ear shape to weaken the growth potential of new shoots, which can increase the branch order.
2. Pruning mature trees (big trees in full fruit period). Mainly sparse, do not need to be short, continuous and long release, uniaxial extension, timely retraction, three-dimensional results. The open-open shape is dominated by the loose hanging branch group, with lateral, oblique growth, and drooping evenly distributed; the slender spindle tree shape only leaves the small branch group.
Trunk painted white
Before the soil freezes, prepare a whitening agent to brush the trunk and main branches, which can reduce or avoid sunburn and freezing damage of fruit trees, and eliminate overwintering pests. The preparation ratio of the whitening agent is: 5 kg of quicklime, 1 kg of salt, 0.15 kg of animal oil, 0.5 kg of lime sulfur mixture, and 12.5 kg of water.
Pest control
1. Clear the garden. It is necessary to promptly remove diseased and dead fruits on the tree, and clear the fallen leaves, diseased branches, dry branches, weeds, wastes, etc. out of the orchard, burn them or bury them deeply, to eliminate dormant pests and diseases.
2. Scrape the old skin. The trunk, branches, and old bark of the tree are the overwintering places for pests and diseases, hiding a variety of pests. Spread bedding around the trunk, collect all the scraped bark and overwintering pests, and take it out of the orchard to burn or bury it deeply. When scraping the bark thoroughly, leave no gaps. After scraping the bark of the fruit tree, whiten the trunk.
3. Cut off the branches of diseases and insects. Combining with winter pruning, cut off dry and dead branches, diseased and pest branches, and bring them out of the orchard for centralized burning, which can prevent a variety of pests and diseases, reduce the base of pests and diseases, and reduce the harm in the coming year.
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