Cyclamen alias rabbit flower, is a perennial herb of Cymbidium. The succulent tubers are oblate; the leaves are clustered at the center of the top of the tubers, with large, fleshy, heart-shaped leaves, dark greenish green or pale green patches on the surface, purplish red on the back, varying sizes of teeth on the edges, petiole fleshy, Brownish red; flowers solitary, with petals twisting upward when flowering.
1. Cultivation techniques
1.1 Sowing depends on the date of flowering, florets, and expected flowering. The flower cyclamen were planted from September to October and flowered 13-15 months after sowing. The cyclamen flowered in January-February and bloomed 10 to 12 months after sowing. The seeding steps are divided into seed boxed soil, watering hole drilling, sowing, soil covering, and water spray coverage.
1.2 Seed treatment before sowing In order to make the seeds fully absorb water and germinate earlier, the seeds can be soaked with fresh water for 24 hours. The water temperature can be soaked for 30 hours at 30°C and then at room temperature. It can also be kept at room temperature for 24 hours. In order not to infect seedlings during germination, seeds should be disinfected after germination, and they can be soaked with carbendazim or 0.1% copper sulfate for half an hour. After disinfecting, remove the seeds from the booth and dry them in newspapers.
1.3 Containers and Soil Containers: The sowing container can be made up of a plastic box with a height of 7cm, a light wooden box, etc. Pottery earth materials include: river sand, garden soil, rot leaf soil, cattle and horse manure, stone, slag, etc., can be prepared with reference to the following: (1) sand, soil, cow dung is 4:4:2, appropriate to add some rice Shell ash; (2) rotted leaf soil, dried cow dung, field soil, peat, and river sand are 3:3:1:1:2; (3) 4:4:2 of leafless soil, field soil, and river sand.
1.4 soil disinfection methods are formalin fumigation, steam disinfection, dry heat disinfection, potassium permanganate spray, sun exposure.
1.5 seed germination Cyclamen seed germination of the suitable temperature of 15-22 °C, the general daytime temperature is 15-20 °C, not less than 5-8 °C at night. The seeds of cyclamen need to be protected from light.
Do not apply fertilizer during germination. After all seeds have grown out of leaves, remove the cover and allow the seedlings to gradually see light. Be sure to prevent direct sunlight.
1.6 Transplanting When the true leaves of seedlings grow to two, the first transplanting can be carried out. The big flower cyclamen planted in September-October will grow to 2-4 tablets in January of the year; the small flower cyclamen planted in January will be transplanted in April. Transplanting nursery box can be used deep 7cm wooden boxes, plastic boxes and so on.
2. Management of seedlings The seedlings are gradually entered into a period of vigorous growth after being planted in pots, and different countermeasures are taken in different seasons.
In March, the temperature is still unstable, and the temperature changes are quite severe. Therefore, we must pay attention to strengthening management. On sunny days, pay attention to window ventilation. At night, keep the minimum temperature above 10°C.
In April, it should still be cultivated in the greenhouse and two liquid fertilizers should be applied. For the control of pests and diseases can be sprayed once carbendazim or Bordeaux mixture, iron can also be used grams, 3% carbofuran, 2g per pot to prevent warts and aphids.
In the cyclamen period in May, the number of large flower cyclamen leaves increased, and the basin hours should be changed.
In June, various types of cyclamen seedlings are to be changed for the third time, and the proportion of soil used must be changed to sand, rot leaf, dry cow dung, and garden soil for 9:7:4. Compound fertilizer with 6% nitrogen, 40% phosphorus, and 6% potassium is used in an amount of 3 g per kilogram of soil.
In the high-temperature season from July to August, pay attention to ventilation and cooling, and apply liquid fertilizer twice a month.
With the gradual decrease of the temperature in September, it is necessary to change basins. In general, large flower cyclamen use more pots with a diameter of 15-18 cm, and small flower cyclamen use 12-14 cm pots.
After October, the temperature is suitable for the growth of cyclamen. The number of leaves increases rapidly. The relationship between flowers and leaves must be adjusted in time to remove the flowers that were opened prematurely. The outdoor cyclamen is to be brought back indoors for cultivation. When the greenhouse temperature is high during the day, pay attention to ventilation, and add insulation measures when the temperature is too low at night. Pay attention to moderate lighting.
From November to December, it gradually entered the flowering period. This period can be managed by seedlings.
3, physiological diseases and treatment
3.1 Cyclamen pedicel thickening occurs mostly for the purpose of reaching the New Year's Day market, prompting cyclamen to flower in advance and consistent with the use of gibberellins and 6 benzyl adenine and other hormones, due to the treatment period, method and concentration, etc. Inaccurate, causing abnormal growth of plants, a certain part of the deformation, leading to physiological diseases.
3.2 Deformation The occurrence of this anomaly coincides with the cause of thickening of the peduncle. Generally, it takes 9-10 months of the flower bud differentiation period to use a chemical treatment, and more degenerative flowers are produced. After flowering, the majority of spring flowers can still turn into normal flowering.
3.3 Bulbous cracks Occasionally, some longitudinal cracks occur on the base of cyclamen. The reason for this is due to uneven fertilization. Due to the presence of cracks, the bacteria can easily invade and cause physiological diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to correctly grasp the amount of fertilizer to balance bulb growth and avoid cracks. There should be sufficient potassium fertilizer at the seedling stage, and the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer should not be too high.
1. Cultivation techniques
1.1 Sowing depends on the date of flowering, florets, and expected flowering. The flower cyclamen were planted from September to October and flowered 13-15 months after sowing. The cyclamen flowered in January-February and bloomed 10 to 12 months after sowing. The seeding steps are divided into seed boxed soil, watering hole drilling, sowing, soil covering, and water spray coverage.
1.2 Seed treatment before sowing In order to make the seeds fully absorb water and germinate earlier, the seeds can be soaked with fresh water for 24 hours. The water temperature can be soaked for 30 hours at 30°C and then at room temperature. It can also be kept at room temperature for 24 hours. In order not to infect seedlings during germination, seeds should be disinfected after germination, and they can be soaked with carbendazim or 0.1% copper sulfate for half an hour. After disinfecting, remove the seeds from the booth and dry them in newspapers.
1.3 Containers and Soil Containers: The sowing container can be made up of a plastic box with a height of 7cm, a light wooden box, etc. Pottery earth materials include: river sand, garden soil, rot leaf soil, cattle and horse manure, stone, slag, etc., can be prepared with reference to the following: (1) sand, soil, cow dung is 4:4:2, appropriate to add some rice Shell ash; (2) rotted leaf soil, dried cow dung, field soil, peat, and river sand are 3:3:1:1:2; (3) 4:4:2 of leafless soil, field soil, and river sand.
1.4 soil disinfection methods are formalin fumigation, steam disinfection, dry heat disinfection, potassium permanganate spray, sun exposure.
1.5 seed germination Cyclamen seed germination of the suitable temperature of 15-22 °C, the general daytime temperature is 15-20 °C, not less than 5-8 °C at night. The seeds of cyclamen need to be protected from light.
Do not apply fertilizer during germination. After all seeds have grown out of leaves, remove the cover and allow the seedlings to gradually see light. Be sure to prevent direct sunlight.
1.6 Transplanting When the true leaves of seedlings grow to two, the first transplanting can be carried out. The big flower cyclamen planted in September-October will grow to 2-4 tablets in January of the year; the small flower cyclamen planted in January will be transplanted in April. Transplanting nursery box can be used deep 7cm wooden boxes, plastic boxes and so on.
2. Management of seedlings The seedlings are gradually entered into a period of vigorous growth after being planted in pots, and different countermeasures are taken in different seasons.
In March, the temperature is still unstable, and the temperature changes are quite severe. Therefore, we must pay attention to strengthening management. On sunny days, pay attention to window ventilation. At night, keep the minimum temperature above 10°C.
In April, it should still be cultivated in the greenhouse and two liquid fertilizers should be applied. For the control of pests and diseases can be sprayed once carbendazim or Bordeaux mixture, iron can also be used grams, 3% carbofuran, 2g per pot to prevent warts and aphids.
In the cyclamen period in May, the number of large flower cyclamen leaves increased, and the basin hours should be changed.
In June, various types of cyclamen seedlings are to be changed for the third time, and the proportion of soil used must be changed to sand, rot leaf, dry cow dung, and garden soil for 9:7:4. Compound fertilizer with 6% nitrogen, 40% phosphorus, and 6% potassium is used in an amount of 3 g per kilogram of soil.
In the high-temperature season from July to August, pay attention to ventilation and cooling, and apply liquid fertilizer twice a month.
With the gradual decrease of the temperature in September, it is necessary to change basins. In general, large flower cyclamen use more pots with a diameter of 15-18 cm, and small flower cyclamen use 12-14 cm pots.
After October, the temperature is suitable for the growth of cyclamen. The number of leaves increases rapidly. The relationship between flowers and leaves must be adjusted in time to remove the flowers that were opened prematurely. The outdoor cyclamen is to be brought back indoors for cultivation. When the greenhouse temperature is high during the day, pay attention to ventilation, and add insulation measures when the temperature is too low at night. Pay attention to moderate lighting.
From November to December, it gradually entered the flowering period. This period can be managed by seedlings.
3, physiological diseases and treatment
3.1 Cyclamen pedicel thickening occurs mostly for the purpose of reaching the New Year's Day market, prompting cyclamen to flower in advance and consistent with the use of gibberellins and 6 benzyl adenine and other hormones, due to the treatment period, method and concentration, etc. Inaccurate, causing abnormal growth of plants, a certain part of the deformation, leading to physiological diseases.
3.2 Deformation The occurrence of this anomaly coincides with the cause of thickening of the peduncle. Generally, it takes 9-10 months of the flower bud differentiation period to use a chemical treatment, and more degenerative flowers are produced. After flowering, the majority of spring flowers can still turn into normal flowering.
3.3 Bulbous cracks Occasionally, some longitudinal cracks occur on the base of cyclamen. The reason for this is due to uneven fertilization. Due to the presence of cracks, the bacteria can easily invade and cause physiological diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to correctly grasp the amount of fertilizer to balance bulb growth and avoid cracks. There should be sufficient potassium fertilizer at the seedling stage, and the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer should not be too high.