1. filter. When the number of insects and live insects in the seeds is relatively large, the insects and insects that are mixed may be removed by sieving. According to the size and shape of the seed particles and the removed material, it is necessary to select the proper sieve for the sieve to meet the requirements. At the same time, it is also possible to use the physical action of the sieve rotation to remove insufficient grain and other impurities.
2. Wind election. The weight of diseased seeds or pathogens is often lighter than that of healthy seeds, so lighter, bad seeds, pathogens, and other debris can be separated off by fans or natural wind. However, this method can only eliminate some diseases or pathogens.
3. Hand selection. When the amount of seeds is small, experienced personnel can be asked to look through the naked eye or with a magnifying glass to pick out the diseased grains, insect grains, sclerotia, insects and maggot grains.
4. Water selection. Use the principle of gravity to eliminate diseased grains, insects and other debris. The commonly used methods are clear water and brine. 1 clear water election: sunny or when the weather is dry, put enough water in the container, pour into the seed to stir, then remove the floating light species, impurities, and finally remove the sinking seeds to dry. Actions should be performed promptly to prevent pathogens from sinking due to prolonged soaking and affect water selection. 2 Brine selection: Compared with clear water, the residue can be completely separated, and the result of selection is more refined. The concentration of brine should be determined according to the seed and the requirements for the treatment. For example, Caragana korshinskii and saponin seeds can be selected from 0.5% to 1% saline. The treatment time with salt water should not be too long, otherwise it will affect the treatment effect and the seed germination rate. Treated seeds should be rinsed thoroughly with clean water and dried thoroughly.
The warm water treatment utilizes the heat of warm water to kill pathogens and pests attached to the seed surface and hidden inside the seeds. When using this method, the appropriate water temperature should be used in case of killing pests and germs without harming the seed germs, depending on the object to be treated by different seeds. For the larch seeds, the cones are first soaked in warm water at 30°C to 40°C for 10 minutes, then dried in a room at 50°C to 55°C for 3 to 4 days. After the fruit scales are dry, the threshing can be removed to kill the fruit. Among them, the broad-shouldered wasp larvae; on the seeds of the locusts, hot water of 80° C.-100° C. is used for 1 33 minutes to kill the locusts of the locust seeds, and for the seeds of the Magnolia lansium, it is immersed in the hot water of 80° C. In 3 minutes, the magnolia seed larvae and the like in the seeds can be burned. Warm-treated seeds should be dried in time and stored for use.
Pharmaceutical treatment 1. Chemical seed dressing. For some kinds of pests, chemical agents can be sprayed on the seed heap evenly to kill them, and they can also be smoked in the warehouse.
2. Seed soaking. The commonly used soaking agents are formalin, potassium permanganate, copper sulfate, bleaching powder, lime water, etc. The soaking time and the concentration of the agent differ depending on the seed and the pathogen, and need to be determined through experiments. For example, the seeds of rotten seedlings should first be soaked with 0.5% potassium permanganate for 15-30 minutes, then immersed in 40% formaldehyde solution for 15 minutes, and then stacked for two hours. Rinse twice with water to kill. Dead pathogens.
3. Pharmacy fumigation. Fumigation is an important measure for the treatment of seed pests and is mainly used to control pests. Commonly used agents are methyl bromide, aluminum phosphide, carbon disulfide and sulfuryl fluoride. At room temperature, one or more agents are gasified and mixed in the air. When a certain concentration is reached, the insects will be poisoned and killed.
2. Wind election. The weight of diseased seeds or pathogens is often lighter than that of healthy seeds, so lighter, bad seeds, pathogens, and other debris can be separated off by fans or natural wind. However, this method can only eliminate some diseases or pathogens.
3. Hand selection. When the amount of seeds is small, experienced personnel can be asked to look through the naked eye or with a magnifying glass to pick out the diseased grains, insect grains, sclerotia, insects and maggot grains.
4. Water selection. Use the principle of gravity to eliminate diseased grains, insects and other debris. The commonly used methods are clear water and brine. 1 clear water election: sunny or when the weather is dry, put enough water in the container, pour into the seed to stir, then remove the floating light species, impurities, and finally remove the sinking seeds to dry. Actions should be performed promptly to prevent pathogens from sinking due to prolonged soaking and affect water selection. 2 Brine selection: Compared with clear water, the residue can be completely separated, and the result of selection is more refined. The concentration of brine should be determined according to the seed and the requirements for the treatment. For example, Caragana korshinskii and saponin seeds can be selected from 0.5% to 1% saline. The treatment time with salt water should not be too long, otherwise it will affect the treatment effect and the seed germination rate. Treated seeds should be rinsed thoroughly with clean water and dried thoroughly.
The warm water treatment utilizes the heat of warm water to kill pathogens and pests attached to the seed surface and hidden inside the seeds. When using this method, the appropriate water temperature should be used in case of killing pests and germs without harming the seed germs, depending on the object to be treated by different seeds. For the larch seeds, the cones are first soaked in warm water at 30°C to 40°C for 10 minutes, then dried in a room at 50°C to 55°C for 3 to 4 days. After the fruit scales are dry, the threshing can be removed to kill the fruit. Among them, the broad-shouldered wasp larvae; on the seeds of the locusts, hot water of 80° C.-100° C. is used for 1 33 minutes to kill the locusts of the locust seeds, and for the seeds of the Magnolia lansium, it is immersed in the hot water of 80° C. In 3 minutes, the magnolia seed larvae and the like in the seeds can be burned. Warm-treated seeds should be dried in time and stored for use.
Pharmaceutical treatment 1. Chemical seed dressing. For some kinds of pests, chemical agents can be sprayed on the seed heap evenly to kill them, and they can also be smoked in the warehouse.
2. Seed soaking. The commonly used soaking agents are formalin, potassium permanganate, copper sulfate, bleaching powder, lime water, etc. The soaking time and the concentration of the agent differ depending on the seed and the pathogen, and need to be determined through experiments. For example, the seeds of rotten seedlings should first be soaked with 0.5% potassium permanganate for 15-30 minutes, then immersed in 40% formaldehyde solution for 15 minutes, and then stacked for two hours. Rinse twice with water to kill. Dead pathogens.
3. Pharmacy fumigation. Fumigation is an important measure for the treatment of seed pests and is mainly used to control pests. Commonly used agents are methyl bromide, aluminum phosphide, carbon disulfide and sulfuryl fluoride. At room temperature, one or more agents are gasified and mixed in the air. When a certain concentration is reached, the insects will be poisoned and killed.
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