"Four Attentions" for the Construction of Thin-skinned Walnut Garden

1. Pay attention to the site selection. The high-yield and high-yield gardens have stricter site conditions than the real gardens. The leeward and sunny areas should be selected within the walnut growing area, and the terrain should be flat and deep and fertile in the middle and lower parts of rivers, hills or gentle slopes. The soil is well-permeable loam or sandy loam, with a pH of 7.0 to 8.0, and a groundwater level of no more than 2 meters. The best irrigation conditions are available. In order to facilitate management and maximize economic benefits, The high-yield variety garden should have a certain scale, generally the area of ​​each garden is not less than 10 mu.
2. Pay attention to the planting method. After the garden site is selected, dig holes and prepare the ground in autumn and winter. The hole size is 1 meter square. If gravel appears, it should be enlarged appropriately, and 5 kg of straw or 10-20 kg of green manure should be pressed into each hole, and the mellow soil should be backfilled to be level with the ground to increase soil organic matter and improve soil physical and chemical properties. When building gardens on gentle slopes (below 10 degrees), dig holes along the contour line first, and then build terraces; when the terraces are first repaired and then the ground is prepared, the soil thickness should be more than 1 meter.
3. Attention should be paid to choosing good varieties and strong seedlings. Good seedlings and strong seedlings are the basis for high yield. The varieties used must be early-fruiting varieties that have been identified at or above the provincial level, and have performed well in local introduction trials and are suitable for promotion. At present, the main varieties suitable for selection are: Zhonglin No. 5, Liaohe No. 1, Liaohe No. 4, Liaohe No. 3, Xiangling, Wen 185, Shanhe No. 1, Xifu No. 1 and so on. According to the characteristics of each variety and local site conditions, all regions should screen out 3 to 5 most suitable varieties for key promotion. There should not be too many varieties in each garden, and 1 or 2 main planted varieties are appropriate. At the same time, 1 or 2 pollen-matched varieties should be selected as pollination trees, which are arranged in bands or crosses according to the ratio of 5:1.
The high-quality grafted seedlings are planted as annual seedlings with a higher survival rate. The standard for strong seedlings is that the height of the seedlings is more than 60 cm, the base diameter is more than 1.2 cm, the main root length is more than 20 cm, and the lateral roots are more than 15, and the joints are required to be well healed, substantial, robust, and free from pests and diseases. For long-distance transportation of seedlings, they must undergo strict pest quarantine and insulation packaging.
Planting in late autumn or early spring is better, so that the root system is stretched, the seedlings are straightened, and the soil is tightly buried. After planting, fill the root water immediately.
4. Pay attention to reasonable dense planting, proper intercropping, early-fruiting and high-yield seed gardens generally plant 30 to 40 plants per mu, that is, 4 meters × 4 meters or 4 meters × 5 meters. If the garden is built on a gentle slope, it should be planted 1 meter inward from the side of the terrace weir (deep soil layer), with a spacing of 4 to 5 meters, a row spacing of 6 to 8 meters, and 20 to 30 plants per mu. The good variety garden can be intercropped with beans, potatoes, vegetables, and shallow-rooted Chinese medicinal materials within 4 years; 5-7 years can be intercropped with fungi, Chinese medicinal materials, strawberries or green manure. Intercropping is generally not suitable after 8 years. No matter what kind of intercropping crop, it should be more than 1.5 meters away from the trunk.

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