First, enhance the resilience of vegetable plants
1. Choose low-temperature, low-light and disease-resistant varieties. Although there are few varieties of low-temperature and low-light resistance at present, they should be selected as relatively resistant to low-temperature and low-light varieties.
2. The main organic fertilizer, appropriate increase in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (15:15:15) compound fertilizer, increase organic materials and calcium fertilizer.
3 winter facilities vegetable water management to control the amount of irrigation, the general fruit and vegetables such as tomato and cucumber irrigation per acre amount of 15 to 23 tons, especially about 18 tons of tomatoes in winter, about 15 tons of cucumber, haze weather as far as possible without irrigation .
4. To control the occurrence of diseases, the relative humidity is controlled below 85% when the temperature in the facility is between 15 and 25°C. The method is: in the morning after unveiling the insulation cover, the temperature shall be raised to 25°C or more within 1.5 hours; the temperature in the facility shall rise to 30°C and the air shall be released afterwards; the temperature shall be lowered to 17-19°C to close the air outlet, and cover the insulation cover. Substances, reduce the amount of irrigation, cover the film to reduce evaporation on the ground. In the event of disease, old leaves and diseased leaves should be removed in time, and smoke or dust should be used for prevention and control when necessary.
5. Adjust the plants. When the plant growth is weak, appropriate thinning and fruit thinning should be carried out, and timely harvesting should be carried out in a timely manner to reduce the burden on the plant. When the plant grows vigorously, more fruits should be kept, and harvested in an appropriate manner to prevent excessive vegetative growth.
Second, regulate the environment to prevent the development of adverse conditions
1. Regulating light environment to prevent photosynthesis disorders in vegetables
(1) The pollution on the film should be cleaned every day to ensure the high transmittance of the plastic film; in winter, the aluminum mirror reflective film with a width of about 1 meter wide should be hung 5 centimeters from the back wall of the solar greenhouse to improve the illumination of the crops in the northern and central parts of Hebei Province. It can increase the illuminance from 0 to 3 meters from the reflective film by 9% to 40%.
(2) Within the allowable range of temperature, remove the cover insulation (grass weeds) as early as possible. The uncovering time should be such that the temperature in the facility does not drop after uncovering the grass and the facilities with good insulation performance are at the minimum. Temperature 0 ~ -15 °C season, when the temperature within the facility is reduced to 15 ~ 17 °C when the grass cover; in the lowest temperature -15 °C season, when the temperature inside the facility to 17 ~ 19 °C when the grass cover; poor insulation Facilities should be covered with grass as early as possible. On sunny days, grasshoppers should cover the cover as early as possible to extend the time for vegetables to see the light. On cloudy days, according to the outside temperature conditions, the grasshoppers can be uncovered at noon for a short period of time to make the vegetables receive scattered light and cannot be uncovered for several days in a row. thatch.
(3) When cloudy or haze weather exceeds 2 days, appropriate artificial light may be applied. The use of plant growth lamps fills the light better. Generally, each lamp is 40W, 25 ç› per acre is appropriate, and 3-4 hours per day in low light season can significantly increase the output and quality.
2. Regulate the temperature environment to prevent the growth of vegetables
(1) Install a suitable thickness of insulation cover. Generally, the minimum winter temperature is between 0 and -15°C, and four layers of rainproof kraft paper are used for heat insulation covering + grasshopper (3kg per square meter) + plastic film (or color strip cloth); the minimum temperature in winter is -15～- In 25°C area, six layers of rainproof kraft paper are used + grasshopper (4kg/m2) + color strip cloth or grasshopper (4kg/m2) + grasshopper (4kg/m2) + color strip cloth Insulation coverage; minimum temperature in winter below -25°C, using eight layers of rainproof kraft paper + grasshopper (5kg per square meter) + color strip cloth or grasshopper (5kg per square meter) + grasshopper (per square meter m 5 kg) + color strips for thermal cover. The outer side is covered with plastic film or color strip cloth to prevent the grasshopper from being wetted by rain (snow) and reduce the heat preservation effect, and at the same time, it is easy to remove the snow.
(2) increase the built-in thermal insulation facilities. Without affecting the light transmittance, add a layer of insulation curtain in the shed, add thick cotton curtains in the buffer room and the greenhouse, and set the isolation doorway in the greenhouse, while minimizing the number of access to the greenhouse; At the front of the greenhouse, a 1 meter high insulation skirt was added.
(3) Take measures to increase the temperature. The use of increased organic fertilizer and organic materials, sorghum, plastic film, wide and narrow rows of cultivation and other measures to increase the ground temperature 3 ~ 4 °C.
(4) Artificially assisted heating. Fruit and vegetable vegetables, in the case of continuous snowfall or haze, when the temperature in the greenhouse continues to fall below 5°C, they can be warmed by hot air stoves or electric hot air, or they can be laid in advance in the soil of cultivated brooms, and they can be electrified when necessary. Increase ground temperature to compensate for temperature.
3. To avoid the danger of sudden fineness after many days of haze
After a few days of continuous rain and fog, it suddenly turns cloudy, and it is prone to a sudden increase in the temperature in the shed and a lag in soil temperature. The weak absorption capacity of the roots of vegetables and the sudden increase in transpiration of stems and leaves lead to dehydration and wilting. Therefore, we must pay attention to the interval and alternately exposing, and we must not immediately uncover all grasshoppers and avoid the loss of water and wilting of crop leaves under strong light. If you find that the leaves are wilting, cover the grass cover and wait until the plants recover.
1. Choose low-temperature, low-light and disease-resistant varieties. Although there are few varieties of low-temperature and low-light resistance at present, they should be selected as relatively resistant to low-temperature and low-light varieties.
2. The main organic fertilizer, appropriate increase in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (15:15:15) compound fertilizer, increase organic materials and calcium fertilizer.
3 winter facilities vegetable water management to control the amount of irrigation, the general fruit and vegetables such as tomato and cucumber irrigation per acre amount of 15 to 23 tons, especially about 18 tons of tomatoes in winter, about 15 tons of cucumber, haze weather as far as possible without irrigation .
4. To control the occurrence of diseases, the relative humidity is controlled below 85% when the temperature in the facility is between 15 and 25°C. The method is: in the morning after unveiling the insulation cover, the temperature shall be raised to 25°C or more within 1.5 hours; the temperature in the facility shall rise to 30°C and the air shall be released afterwards; the temperature shall be lowered to 17-19°C to close the air outlet, and cover the insulation cover. Substances, reduce the amount of irrigation, cover the film to reduce evaporation on the ground. In the event of disease, old leaves and diseased leaves should be removed in time, and smoke or dust should be used for prevention and control when necessary.
5. Adjust the plants. When the plant growth is weak, appropriate thinning and fruit thinning should be carried out, and timely harvesting should be carried out in a timely manner to reduce the burden on the plant. When the plant grows vigorously, more fruits should be kept, and harvested in an appropriate manner to prevent excessive vegetative growth.
Second, regulate the environment to prevent the development of adverse conditions
1. Regulating light environment to prevent photosynthesis disorders in vegetables
(1) The pollution on the film should be cleaned every day to ensure the high transmittance of the plastic film; in winter, the aluminum mirror reflective film with a width of about 1 meter wide should be hung 5 centimeters from the back wall of the solar greenhouse to improve the illumination of the crops in the northern and central parts of Hebei Province. It can increase the illuminance from 0 to 3 meters from the reflective film by 9% to 40%.
(2) Within the allowable range of temperature, remove the cover insulation (grass weeds) as early as possible. The uncovering time should be such that the temperature in the facility does not drop after uncovering the grass and the facilities with good insulation performance are at the minimum. Temperature 0 ~ -15 °C season, when the temperature within the facility is reduced to 15 ~ 17 °C when the grass cover; in the lowest temperature -15 °C season, when the temperature inside the facility to 17 ~ 19 °C when the grass cover; poor insulation Facilities should be covered with grass as early as possible. On sunny days, grasshoppers should cover the cover as early as possible to extend the time for vegetables to see the light. On cloudy days, according to the outside temperature conditions, the grasshoppers can be uncovered at noon for a short period of time to make the vegetables receive scattered light and cannot be uncovered for several days in a row. thatch.
(3) When cloudy or haze weather exceeds 2 days, appropriate artificial light may be applied. The use of plant growth lamps fills the light better. Generally, each lamp is 40W, 25 ç› per acre is appropriate, and 3-4 hours per day in low light season can significantly increase the output and quality.
2. Regulate the temperature environment to prevent the growth of vegetables
(1) Install a suitable thickness of insulation cover. Generally, the minimum winter temperature is between 0 and -15°C, and four layers of rainproof kraft paper are used for heat insulation covering + grasshopper (3kg per square meter) + plastic film (or color strip cloth); the minimum temperature in winter is -15～- In 25°C area, six layers of rainproof kraft paper are used + grasshopper (4kg/m2) + color strip cloth or grasshopper (4kg/m2) + grasshopper (4kg/m2) + color strip cloth Insulation coverage; minimum temperature in winter below -25°C, using eight layers of rainproof kraft paper + grasshopper (5kg per square meter) + color strip cloth or grasshopper (5kg per square meter) + grasshopper (per square meter m 5 kg) + color strips for thermal cover. The outer side is covered with plastic film or color strip cloth to prevent the grasshopper from being wetted by rain (snow) and reduce the heat preservation effect, and at the same time, it is easy to remove the snow.
(2) increase the built-in thermal insulation facilities. Without affecting the light transmittance, add a layer of insulation curtain in the shed, add thick cotton curtains in the buffer room and the greenhouse, and set the isolation doorway in the greenhouse, while minimizing the number of access to the greenhouse; At the front of the greenhouse, a 1 meter high insulation skirt was added.
(3) Take measures to increase the temperature. The use of increased organic fertilizer and organic materials, sorghum, plastic film, wide and narrow rows of cultivation and other measures to increase the ground temperature 3 ~ 4 °C.
(4) Artificially assisted heating. Fruit and vegetable vegetables, in the case of continuous snowfall or haze, when the temperature in the greenhouse continues to fall below 5°C, they can be warmed by hot air stoves or electric hot air, or they can be laid in advance in the soil of cultivated brooms, and they can be electrified when necessary. Increase ground temperature to compensate for temperature.
3. To avoid the danger of sudden fineness after many days of haze
After a few days of continuous rain and fog, it suddenly turns cloudy, and it is prone to a sudden increase in the temperature in the shed and a lag in soil temperature. The weak absorption capacity of the roots of vegetables and the sudden increase in transpiration of stems and leaves lead to dehydration and wilting. Therefore, we must pay attention to the interval and alternately exposing, and we must not immediately uncover all grasshoppers and avoid the loss of water and wilting of crop leaves under strong light. If you find that the leaves are wilting, cover the grass cover and wait until the plants recover.
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