The prevention of frost damage to fruit trees in winter in the north is the key to achieving high fruit tree production in the second year.
1. Constructing an orchard shelter forest to build an orchard shelter forest is a good protection measure to prevent freezing damage to fruit trees. After investigation, the orchard protective forest can increase the temperature in the park by 2 to 5°C. Therefore, the construction of an orchard protective forest can well alleviate the occurrence of fruit tree frost damage. Orchard shelterbelts often use tightly structured forest belts formed by the joints of trees and shrubs, which provides good protection.
2. Select apples varieties that are suitable for local terroir conditions and strong cold resistance such as Marshal, Guoguang, and Sweet Huangkui, etc.; pear varieties such as Pear, Snowflake Pear and other varieties have stronger cold resistance.
3. The high water content of cemented soil in early pouring will increase the thermal capacity and thermal conductivity of the soil, which will cause the daytime temperature in the soil to be low and the nighttime temperature to be high. Therefore, the emergence of watering at low temperature can prevent and mitigate the frost damage.
4. Strengthen the tree vigor and make the growth of the shoots more plentiful. Take the approach of “helping the weak and restraining the strong†to manage the trees. For weak trees, strengthen the supply of fertilizer and moisture in the early stage of growth, increase nitrogen fertilizer, strengthen cultivating loose soil, fully meet the needs of the tree for water and nutrients, and make the fruit tree grow well; the late growth period of fruit trees (from August to October) , Stop irrigation, use less nitrogen fertilizer, pay attention to increasing chemical fertilizers such as phosphorus and potash fertilizers and farmyard fertilizers, such as foliar spraying of 0.2% to 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or leaching of grass ash, and take timely measures to control overgrown trees. Its prosperous, such as spraying 700 to 800 mg / liter of paclobutrazol or dentin 1 to 2 times, for the prosperous long shoots to take topping tips or twisted shoots, press branches and other methods to control prosperous growth, increase fruit tree mature aging, strengthen the tree Accumulation of body nutrients, growth of tree protection and cold resistance.
5, to strengthen the prevention and control of pests and diseases, timely protection of the wound growth season in a timely manner to do a good job of tree pest control work, it is excellent late tree growth, pay attention to the control of Daphnia mongolica, early defoliation. For the wounds caused by mechanical damage, pest damage, and pruning, etc., seals and wraps must be promptly resolved to reduce tree water loss or pest infestation and affect the normal physiological activities of the tree.
6. If the orchard smoke is expected to be frosty, at the evening before the frost one day, at a certain distance in the orchard, the stacks of wheat straw, weeds, sawdust or twigs, etc., are stacked and piled up outside the haystack. Cover a layer of soil with a wooden stick in the middle to facilitate ignition. It ignites to produce a large amount of smoke. Smoke can reduce radiation distribution of heat from the earth while the smoke particles absorb moisture, condense the water into liquid and release heat, raising the temperature.
7. Before the tree is wrapped around the grass or wrapped with plastic film to protect the tree from overwintering, straw and wheat straw are used to make the main branch of the fruit tree and the big side branch tightly wrapped. The second year after the fruit tree is sprouted, the grass handle is removed for centralized destruction. It not only makes the tree safe for winter, but it also attracts a large number of insects that sneak into the grass to overwintering winter, and double-edged it. It can also use plastic film to wind the tree main and lateral branches and cover it under the tree plate to increase the ground temperature and reduce water evaporation. , improve the ability of the tree to resist cold and overwintering.
8, pharmaceutical antifreeze In the budding of fruit trees before flowering within 2 to 3 days, spray the plant cold resistance plant. Or spray low concentration of ethephon or naphthalene acetic acid, fresh water solvent before budding of fruit trees to restrain buds sprouting and improve cold resistance. For the flowering tree, spraying 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus 0.5% white sugar before low temperature comes and spraying 2 to 3 times can play a role in antifreeze. The fruit trees are painted white before they pass winter, and they have protection against cold and freezing when wintering the trees. Whitening agent formula: quicklime 5kg, sulfur powder 1 to 5kg, salt 2 to 3kg, vegetable oil 1 to 1.5kg, flour 2 to 3kg, water 15kg, lime and salt are respectively used for hot water Open, stir into a paste, then add sulphur powder, vegetable oil and flour, and finally add water to stir. Brushing the backbone and large lateral branches before wintering has a good antifreeze effect.
In addition, with weeds, leaves, manure and other materials before the onset of frost damage in the tree cover, 10-15 cm thick, can increase the ground temperature 3 ? 5 ?, can play a role in antifreeze protection.
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