Depression is a combination of multiple factors. Symptoms often recur and tend to be chronic, and even impede the daily life of individuals. With the increasingly fierce social competition and increasing pressures on life and work, depression has become a very common mental illness in modern society. According to the UN World Health Organization, depression will become the second leading cause of death and disability in humans by 2020. . Â
Behavioral Despair Model: A model designed to exploit the desperate behavior of animals that cannot escape the harsh environment. The rationale is that chronic, low-level stressors in human depression can lead to depression and accelerate its development. Â
Large mouse forced swimming experiment: Â
Also known as Porsolt's test, this model is the most widely used behavioral model for assessing antidepressants. Forced swimming experiments are simple to operate, sensitive to antidepressants, and able to detect a broad spectrum of antidepressants. The disadvantage is that only acutely treated drugs. Sensitive, the effectiveness of serotonin reuptake inhibitors is uncertain, and there is a risk of hypothermia in animals, which is now used for primary screening of antidepressants. Â
Mouse tail suspension experiment: Â
It is a classic experiment similar to the forced swimming experiment. The tail-suspended mice struggle to overcome the abnormal posture, but after a certain period of activity, there is intermittent motion, showing the state of “desperateâ€. This model has the same function as the forced swimming experiment. It is simple to operate, sensitive to antidepressants, and adaptive behavior to measure its immobile state is consistent. The difference: the substrate of antidepressant action is different. In the two models, the changes of various neurotransmitters and the changes of receptor function in the animal brain are inconsistent. The mouse tail suspension experiment can reflect the stress hypothermia and the forced swimming experiment can not, but the mouse tail suspension experiment is only suitable for mouse stress, not for rats, and is currently used for primary screening of antidepressants.
Acquired helpless model: Â
Acquired helplessness is an animal model that is closer to the etiology and genetics of the disease. It is worth noting that most of the mouse-acquired helpless models are only short-lived and return to normal within a few days after termination of the stimulus, but for some unknown reason, only some of the mice remain helpless, reflecting this The potential for genetic interaction with the environment. The acquired helpless model is not only used for the screening of antidepressants, but has been increasingly used in the mechanism of action of these drugs and the neurobiology of depression. Similar to the forced swimming test and the tail suspension experiment, the acquisition is similar. The helpless model cannot detect the efficacy of chronic antidepressants.
Chronic mild stress model: Â
Chronic mild stress is an animal that receives mild stress stimuli for a long time, simulating the "difficulties" people encounter in their daily lives. This experiment simulates the symptoms of depression, and also simulates the important features of human depression, namely the lack of pleasure. Chronic mild stress is often used in the screening of antidepressants, the mechanism of clinical action and the pathophysiological mechanism of depression. . Â
Anorexia-induced appetite loss experiments: In 2005, Dulawa et al. proposed a new model, an appetite-deficient experiment induced by novel environment, based on the measurement of the depression latency and food consumption of animals in a new environment. A long-term depression model that is sensitive to chronically treated antidepressants and not for acute treatment of antidepressants, and appetite suppression (ie, "appetite loss") caused by the new environment can be used to detect chronic The efficacy of drugs for the treatment of depression is based on early appetite loss tests, but avoids the interference caused by food deprivation, which provides a new direction and thinking for studying the potential neurobiological mechanisms of depression. . Â
In the stress model, the behavioral despair model can effectively screen new drugs; the acquired helpless and chronic mild stress models can better simulate the symptoms, explore various pathologies, causes, or test any possible treatment. In the neurochemical model, drug-induced models and electrical induction models are commonly used for primary screening of antidepressants, while olfactory bulb resection is used for secondary screening. Now the combination of olfactory bulb resection and genetic model has become a research hotspot, future stress model. Development may be carried out in several ways: 1 Establish an early stress depression model to address research issues in the progressively high incidence of adolescent depression. 2 The simulation model of social psychological factors needs further study. 3 Research on transgenic animal models has become a more and more concerned direction. 4 The improvement and application of the glucocorticoid model has shortened the modeling cycle and become a new research model. Â
We provide wide range of herb tea cut, like echinacea tea, nettle leaf tea, dandelion root tea, valerian root tea and red raspberry leaf tea. We can provide blend herbal tea according to formula of customer and we also provide formula according to needs of customers. As one stop shop store of natural ingredients, tea bags like pyramid tea bag and string tea bag can be processed too. Private label is acceptable.
Herb Tea Cut,Echinacea Tea,Nettle Leaf Tea,Dandelion Root
YT(Xi'an) Biochem Co., Ltd. , https://www.ytnutra.com