Plastic pruning is an important aspect of fruit tree management in winter. It is divided into two aspects: plastic and pruning. The former is mainly aimed at tree shape, that is, through certain means, the fruit tree maintains a reasonable skeleton structure, so that the main branches are evenly distributed in space and ventilated. The purpose of light transmission. The pruning is mainly for tree vigor and load. Through the most accurate pruning method, the tree tends to be strong, the load is reasonable, and the results are high and stable.
1. Determine a reasonable tree shape according to the actual situation of the orchard. Cultivate and produce high-quality apple tree shape, form a reasonable tree shape, effectively use space, improve ventilation and light conditions, regulate tree nutrient supply and accumulation, coordinate the relationship between growth and fruit, and make fruit trees stable and productive, and extend the life of fruit trees. Due to the different densities in production, the number of fruit trees planted per unit area is somewhat different, divided into two types: densely planted trees and sparsely planted trees. Common densely planted trees (mostly dwarfed rootstocks are used) have high-spindle, slender, and trunk-shaped trees; sparsely planted trees include free-spindle, sparsely-layered, open-hearted, and modified open-hearted shapes. The happy shape is divided into low-stem open-hearted shape, middle-stem open-hearted shape and high-stem open-hearted shape due to the difference of the main stem.
2. Plastic surgery of young trees. First, the target tree shape must be compatible with the rootstock combination, cultivation mode, and planting density. Second, for the selection of wide-row densely planted fruit trees such as high spindle, slender spindle, and main stem, the fruit tree must be maintained with a strong and straight middle trunk. For the main branches that are too large and the middle trunk level is not opened , Must be removed in time; for fruit trees with curved middle stems, they must be straightened in time. Third, for fruit trees that use the traditional sparsely planted large crown tree shape, short cut and expanded crowns are still needed. Fourth, as an important method of plastic surgery, branch pull should be strongly promoted, but it should be noted that the branch angle must be determined according to different tree shapes, different regions, and different fertilizer and water conditions.
3. Reshape the closed garden. The reshaping of a confined garden must follow the principles of large confinement and large modification, small confinement and small modification, and no confinement and no modification. Different orchards have different degrees of confinement, and the modification strategies, methods, and priorities are not the same. One size fits all.
4. Adjustment of tree vigor. There are three main purposes for fruit tree shaping and pruning: adjusting light, adjusting tree vigor and adjusting load. Among them, adjusting the light belongs to the category of tree shape. Through the rational shaping of young trees and the modification of closed gardens, we can make the fruit branches have a reasonable spatial distribution and solve the light problem. A strong and stable tree vigor is the prerequisite for fruit trees to produce stable fruit, improve fruit quality, extend fruit tree life, and resist pests and diseases. Moreover, the regulation of tree vigor is a long-term process. During the growth of fruit trees, the vigor of the fruit tree changes at any time. Different branches and different varieties have their powers ebb and flow. Some branches become strong and some branches change. Weakness, the purpose of our adjustment is to ensure the balance of the tree.
5. Adjust the load. Another purpose of plastic pruning is to adjust the load of fruit trees. Through reasonable winter pruning, auxiliary cutting before flowering will remove the part of the flower buds that are too large in advance. In conjunction with the thinning of flowers and fruits in spring, the purpose of adjusting the load is achieved. On the contrary, for plants with a small amount of flowers, through the adjustment of tree vigor and branch vigor, and comprehensive use of the measures of adjusting the vigor and promoting the flowers, the fruit trees can produce flowers as soon as possible, and produce high and stable yields.
6. Wound protection. The cutting cuts that appeared during the reshaping process should be smoothed first with a sharp knife, and then treated with a healing agent or wrapped with plastic film to protect the wound.
2. Pest control
1. Scrape and treat old warped skin. Especially the girdling (or girdling) openings, the corners of branches, day burn scars and deep burying or burning, to eradicate branch and stem diseases, burn or deep bury, eliminate overwintering pests, reduce the overwintering base of pests.
2. Scrape and cure rot disease. In winter, the focus is to check the main trunk, big branches, branches, cuts, and old scars of rot. Scrape the recurrence and newly discovered scars, and apply the star mark (40% flusilazole EC) 300 times and silk run 3000 times mixture. Orchards with severe rot disease should be applied twice in a row with an interval of 7 to 10 days. After scraping, the diseased bodies and other diseased branches should be burned and buried deeply.
3. Control dry-boring pests. For dry-boring insects such as longhorn beetles and gidding worms, thin iron wires can be inserted into the worm holes of the branches to stab the larvae; or 5-10 times the amount of dichlorvos or chlorpyrifos can be used to bore the medicinal liquid into the hole door with mud Block the hole tightly so that the pests hiding in the trunk can be poisoned to death. Some fruit growers have discovered that injecting proper amount of gasoline into the boreholes can effectively kill long beetle larvae.
4. Clear the garden in winter. Sweep the fallen leaves after the apple leaves fall, remove the diseased fruit, scrape the apple rot disease scars, remove the remaining branches and leaves after pruning in winter, and spray a Baume 3~5 lime sulfur mixture in time.
Third, the trunk is painted white
Brush the whitening agent on the main stem and the center stem (approximately 1.5 to 1.6 meters from the ground), and the large main branches (if necessary) (whitening agent preparation ratio: 2 parts quicklime, 1 part solid lime sulfur mixture, table salt Half part, 10 parts water. Preparation method: first melt with hot water, then dilute with cold water and stir evenly). You can also follow the following formula: 30 kg of water + 10 kg of white ash + 2 kg of salt + 2.5 kg of animal oil + 1.5 kg of lime sulfur mixture stock solution. Whitening the trunk can remove hidden germs and pests, and reduce the occurrence of branching and freezing damage. At the same time, the whitening of young trees can effectively prevent the harmful effects of gnawing on the bark.
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