Cucumbers, bitter gourds, gourd gourds, wax gourds, pumpkins, zucchini, and other melons are mostly suitable for fertile, deep sandy or clay loamy soils. At the same time, the demand for various nutrients at each growth stage is very urgent. Therefore, according to their different characteristics of fertilizer requirements, ensuring the supply of fertilizers in various periods is the key to achieving high yield of melons.
1. The characteristics of cucumber required fertilizer and fertilization method
Cucumber roots are mainly distributed in 15-25 cm plough layers. The root system is weak and the absorption capacity is poor. It is a fertilizer, fertilizer and salt tolerance. It is not suitable to use a large amount of chemical fertilizers at one time, whereas cucumbers have nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The demand for nutrients is large and the absorption rate is fast. Therefore, a large number of organic fertilizer application is the basis of high-yield cultivation of cucumbers. Generally, 3000-4000 kg of organic fertilizer, which mainly consists of manure, should be applied per mu. The amount of fertilizer applied to the cucumber should not be too large, and the frequency of topdressing should be more, and the principle of “eat more meals less frequently†should be mastered. In the early stage of fruiting melons, the first topdressing is applied, and 8-10 kg of urea and 5-8 kg of potassium sulfate are applied per mu. In the early stage of the harvest, the second time, the interval between top dressings in the sorghum period is shortened and irrigation is carried out. For the third time before the top dressing, it will be halved after each time. During the fruiting period, it can be sprayed with 0.5% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution.
2. Bitter melon needs fertilizer characteristics and fertilization methods
Bitter gourd is a year-old climbing herb, its root system is more developed, more lateral roots, with the characteristics of resistance to fertilizer and resistance to warts. According to the characteristics of bitter gourd with resistance to fat and not tolerant pods, basal fertilizer should be applied. Generally, 1500 kg of cow manure and 3,000 kg of phosphate fertilizer should be applied per acre, and 30 kg of phosphorus fertilizer should be used. The spring period of bitter gourd seedling can be reduced by fertilization. Summer bitter gourd should be dried up from the cotyledons. Pay attention to fertilizer. During the flowering period, 1-2 heavy fertilizers are applied during the fruiting period. When the flowering is combined, 25 kg of per ton of mellow cakes or 40 kg of high-efficiency organic compound fertilizer is used in combination with soil per acre. After the start of the melon or the first harvest, 75 kg of compound fertilizer is used per acre. After each harvest, the human feces and urine should be applied once. At the peak of the results, superphosphate should be added once more to prolong the harvest period and promote the increase of yield and quality.
3. Loofah needs fertilizer characteristics and fertilization methods
The loofah grows fast, has many results, and is pleasing to the ground. However, the roots are distributed lightly, and the fertilizer absorption and fertility are weak. It is required that the soil be loose and fertile and rich in organic matter. According to the determination, for every 1000 kg of gourd produced, 1.9-2.7 kg of nitrogen, 0.8-0.9 kg of phosphorus, and 3.5-4.0 kg of potassium should be drawn from the soil. The amount of nitrogen uptake in the 30 days after colonization of loofah showed a linear upward trend, and the most nitrogen uptake was observed in the middle growth period. In the reproductive growth period, the demand for phosphorus increased sharply, while the demand for nitrogen decreased slightly. The weight gain of each organ of the plant before the nectarine stage was slow, and the nutrient flow was mainly root and leaf, and provided nutrients for the vine and flower bud differentiation and development. After entering the nectarine stage, the growth of the plant increased significantly, reaching the maximum value at the fruiting period. During the fruiting period, the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium absorbed by the sponge gourd accounted for 50% of the total amount of absorbed nitrogen. 47 % and 48% or so. By the end of the melon period, the growth rate slowed down and the nutrient absorption decreased, of which nitrogen and potassium decreased more significantly.
The principle of fertilization is as follows: First, the base fertilizer is sufficient to apply 3,000 to 5,000 kilograms of mature organic fertilizer with good quality per acre. The second is Miaofeizao, after planting, apply 2-3 times early to raise seedlings; Each time, apply 100-150 kilograms of high-quality composted manure-fertilizer per mu to pour water to meet the needs of early-onset hair. Third, fruit weight, the results of the top dressing 5-6 times, each time per acre of manure excrement 200-300 kg of manure, or nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium compound fertilizer 25-30 kg.
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