The adverse effects of the hot weather from June to September each year on pig production are called heat stress. The critical temperature for males and females affected by heat stress is more than 32°C, and the duration is 72 hours. The persistent high temperature has negative effects on pig production as
(1) Boar loss of libido, reduced sperm production rate, low semen density, poor sperm motility, and increased malformation rate. If it is necessary to restore to the original normal standard, it takes more than 2 months.
(2) Empty sows do not have estrus or estrus, and have a high return rate.
(3) Early embryonic sows (10-30 days) have a high embryonic mortality rate, and later periods (one week before birth) affect fetal output.
(4) Growing pigs have poor appetite and affect weight gain.
(5) Heatstroke in pigs (especially pregnant sows) will die in severe cases.
According to the practice of the farm, several measures for reducing heat stress are provided for reference.
(1) Increase the gas flow rate of the pig house, increase the cooling rate of the pig voxels, and achieve the purpose of cooling the pig body.
(1) Natural ventilation: Make full use of air convection in the front and rear windows to reduce the temperature in the pig house. Natural ventilation is the most basic method of cooling. In some pig houses, the windows are small, especially the rear windows, which affect the ventilation effect and need to be improved.
(2) Install exhaust fans and take vertical ventilation. (All windows are closed except for the air intake opening)
(3) Fixed or mobile computers installed in the farrowing house and the barn.
(B) Lower Sherwin:
(1) According to the economic conditions and the value of breeding pigs in this field, the cost of air conditioning for air conditioning and air conditioning of livestock and poultry is compared with the loss caused by heat stress, especially for boars. The advantages outweigh the disadvantages. According to the survey, the effect of heat stress in summer 2000 on the conception rate of sows was approximately 30%, and the effect on the program of boar semen quality was 70%.
(2) The temperature of the barn, the farrowing house and the sow house are reduced by the temperature curtain. According to the test, the temperature difference between the inside and the outside is 3-10°C.
(3) The rearing house and the pregnant pigs are single-cultured (separately fenced for single positioning and rearing). The drip cooling method is adopted, that is, the water droplets are in the head of the sow and the water droplets can absorb heat to cool; the combination of the drip cooling and ventilation is better.
(4) Spraying devices are installed in well-drained areas of breeding boars or sows.
(5) Take a arbor outside the pig house to reduce the temperature near the pig house.
(6) Doing a good job in regulating the small environment for pig farm greening.
(c) Adjust feed formulation and feeding management procedures:
(1) Add 3 kg of baking soda powder (sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3), 100 g of vitamin E, and 200 g of vitamin C per ton of full-priced feed.
(2) Adjust sow feed (6#) to add 10 kg of edible oil per ton. And properly increase the crude protein.
(3) Check the supply of drinking water at any time. Do not cut off water.
(4) Breeding of dry materials for pigs is tidal blending (feeding now to prevent fleas) and increasing the appropriateness of food.
(5) Increase the number of feedings at night when it is cool.
(6) Adjust the sow's calving time so that the sows concentrate their farrowing at night. For example, if pregnant sows are expected to produce 2 ml of chloroprepronol per pup for 11-111-month-old sows at 11 p.m., they will give birth within 1 hour from 1 p.m. to 7 p.m. p.m. the next day, and the farrowing rate is 80. %.
(7) Strengthen the guarding of sows for calving and timely disposal of the sows with dystocia.
(8) Shorten the time for sows to give birth. In the production of 3-4 piglets, oxytocin or oxytocin is injected intramuscularly.
(9) Piglets should be grouped and the sows and fat pigs that are on or off the sow, or who are about to appear on the market, should be arranged to cool in the morning and evening.
(10) The farrowing house and cultivating house shall be dry and excrement. Try not to use a large amount of water to rush the circle, to prevent the temperature from becoming too high, and the pigs will be stuffy and affect the heat dissipation of the pig body. Drying marks on the bed or net bed are wiped off with a rag with a disinfectant solution.
(11) Conditioned farms can reduce the rearing density by about 10%.
(12) Boars are showered 1-2 times a day on non-mating days or before mating, especially for the testes. The prepuce can be cooled to facilitate sperm production. The timing of the mating is scheduled for early (6:00-8:00) nights (19:00-21:00).
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