1 wipe buds slightly
In general, the results tree will begin to sprout in the spring. In the first year, the results must first be based on tree-cultivation and tree shape. According to the tree vigor, the yield should be reasonably determined, and there should not be much knots. This will ensure strong tree vigor and high yield year after year. , stable production, high quality and good harvest.
(Note: It is best to leave a reserve for the amount of preparation. Do not tie the reserve to the ready-to-use twig. If it is used to bag the whole fruit, it must be cut off from the spare twig.)
Summer trim
Summer pruning is the basic guarantee for stable production, high yield, high quality and good harvest in the year and next year. Pruning should be scientific, diligent and timely. European and Asian species and European and American hybrids differ in summer shearing. The result of Nanyu is topping at 7 to 8 leaves above the first floral spike, and the top pair of slightly to 3 to 4 leaves is no longer extended. After the 1st to the 3rd time, the assistants who have grown after the topping are temporarily not topping their hearts. If the branches are not transparent enough to affect the growth of the spikes, they can be left with 1 leaf topping at the side of the spike.
3. Nutritional branch pruning
The vegetative branches retained at the base grow to 10 to 12 leaves at the top of the tree, and the tree vigor is strong. The top pair extends slightly to about 6 leaves. The top of the golden mean to stay 3 to 4 leaves repeatedly topping, nutrient sticks 1 ~ After the two toppings, the deputy grows left with 4 leaves topping. Such vegetative branches are the result of the coming year.
4. Grapes are ripe and ripe
When the grapes are quickly matured and colored, the fruit needs good illumination. As a result, all the pairs that have not been picked up on the branches before are left with 4 to 5 leaves topping. If necessary, the leaves on the edges of the leaves can be removed and the fruit can be colored.
Second, the results of tree fertilizer management
1. Base fertilizer produced by composting
The basal fertilizer is best mixed with farmhouse manure such as chicken, pig, and cow and organic matter such as chaff, sawdust, and crushed straw. Each mu needs 1,000 kilograms of chicken manure, 2,000 to 4,000 kilograms of wet weight, 2000 kilograms of organic matter such as chaff, and rapeseeds.粕 100 kg, superphosphate 50 kg. After even stirring, seal the stack with plastic film for 6 months. If you add bacteria for 15 to 30 days, you can use it.
2. Base fertilizer
Generally 2 to 3 months after the harvest, fertilization is carried out. Shallow ditch is opened on both sides of the fruit tree. The fertilizer needed per acre is fully and evenly applied. Superphosphate 50 kg, calcium magnesium phosphate 50 kg and borax 2.5 kg are applied. 40 kg of special fertilizer for grapes, then cover the soil. Such as strong tree potential can be appropriate to reduce the amount of fertilizer, (Note: When the ditch is slightly more away from the root, do not hurt the main root, the position of the annual base fertilizer to be exchanged, Nanyu strong growth, less nitrogen fertilizer).
3. Water management
The result is that the tree needs to be filled with water once to germinate, which can promote budding and neatness. When the young fruit is inflated, it can be used for irrigation several times to maintain the humidity in the soil, which is conducive to the rapid expansion of young fruit. The humidity in the soil during the young fruit period is more than 60%. Into the coloring period to properly control the water, especially the fruit is ripe to strictly control the water, keep the surface dry, is conducive to improving quality, not easy to rotten fruit, reduce cracking, such as drought too long, can be properly fed a horse race water, pay attention: No watering can be done for a few days before flowering and harvesting.
4. Top dressing management
After the basal fertilization is applied, before and after the budding, the tree potential in the weak growth can be applied with a little nitrogenous fertilizer. During the hard-core period to the coloring period, 40 kg of special biological compound fertilizer is applied, and some calcium fertilizers are added to increase the hardness of the fruit. Nanyu grape grows vigorously, so it is necessary to properly control the available nitrogen fertilizer and fertilizer, and control the tree vigor so that the balance of growth is one of the key technologies for a good “Southern grapeâ€. (Note: After top-dressing, it must be filled with water. Fertilizer is spread by water and absorbed by roots)
5. Spray foliar fertilizer
Results The foliar fertilizer was sprayed during the growth period of the tree, from the early stage of growth to the expansion of the young fruit, and 0.2% urea and a commercial nitrogen-containing foliar fertilizer were added during the fight; from the hard nuclear phase to the coloring phase, 0.2% phosphoric acid was added. Potassium hydrogen or phosphorus and potassium fertilizers may be sprayed with 0.2% grain vinegar once for each of the foliar fertilizer, young fruit, and the coloring period to better improve the quality. The sprayer fertilizer is usually applied once every 20 days to increase the thickness of the leaves and increase the photosynthesis of the leaves. (Note: In grape growing, when top dressing and spray are also noodle fertilizer, the amount should not be too thick, too high, like high temperatures and pesticides can not be sprayed, to avoid high temperature and heavy fertilizers to hurt the burned leaves. Physiological fruiting period during flowering is strictly prohibited fertilization, Sheng It is not possible to fight drugs until after 4 pm in the flowering period.
Third, thinning fruit, whole ear
Sparse fruit thinning and whole-slicing work is very important, and it is a guarantee for improving the quality and price of the commodity fruit. Nanyu grape has a very high fruit setting rate and a large spike, so it must be standardized.
1. Thinning
When the flowering panicles are fully expanded, that is, about 7 days before flowering, the flowers can be sparsely bred, and the panicles are removed and the panicle tips are removed. If the flower spike is large, the upper 1-4 spikelets and spikelets can be removed, and the panicle spikes and small spikes can be removed without the compact panicles.
2. Shuguo the whole ear
After the flowering is completed, the fruit can be thinned when the size of the peanuts is too large. The unisexual fruit, the odd-shaped fruit, and the overly dense fruit must be cut off. Generally, one ear has 80 to 120 grains and the panicle weight is 600 to 900 grams is good, so that the table can be large and uniform. When the fruit is shredded, it must be thoroughly cleaned of corolla tendrils and other debris.
"Nanyu Grape" is a "spread-spiked" shape, with the ear not too tight, medium-tight, and conical and cylindrical. It is so beautiful and easy to pack.
Fourth, the results of the tree pest control
Nanyu grape is an Eurasian species with thin leaf and leafy leaves. The southern region is prone to diseases caused by high temperature and high humidity. It is critical to plant good grapes to control pests and diseases. The following points must be fulfilled:
1. To master the local occurrence and timing of pests and diseases, fight drugs 5 to 7 days before the occurrence of pests and diseases, to prevent the main, so that pests do not occur.
2. To master the local meteorological conditions, prevent rain before the rain, take the initiative.
3. Use the combination of systemic and contact pesticides to cure the inside of the table, spray and root, and prevent it from occurring.
4. To master the "Nanyu Grape" in the local growth conditions, strong tree growth training, thick leaves, leaving fruit to be reasonable, the branches should be wider, the results of the site should be high, the ear can not be too large and too tight, ventilation and light is better .
5. Clean up the disinfection work in winter gardens thoroughly, remove all the diseased branches, diseased leaves, holes on the poles, twigs, weeds, and other weeds on the ground and steel wire. After burning outside the park, use a 5 degree sulfur mixture on the ground. , branch poles, cement pillars, steel wires, etc., were thoroughly sprayed in the park as if they had been washed.
6. When the scales of the spring bud are split, it is more careful, comprehensive, and important than the first time to use the 3 to 5 degree lime sulfur mixture for the first time, and spray it again.
7. Fight the medicine essentials: Fully careful, first from bottom to top, then from top to bottom, from left to right, then from right to left, leaving no dead ends. It is necessary to press the gas enough to make it misty and play with the wind. The wind speed, flow velocity, and line speed must be the same, so that the above seven points can be prevented and treated. Specific re-doping table.
Fifth, bagging
In June, the grapes can be bagged after the fruit has been shredded. Before the bagging, the sterilized insecticidal egg must be mixed with liquid medicine to spray the ear to disinfect the fruit. After the dried fruit liquid is dried, it is immediately bagged. Do the same day when the day of spraying the bagging is good. Must use a special bag of white paper, so as to protect the fruit can not be caused by rotten fruit, less cracked fruit, protect the fruit powder, anti-birds and insects, pest control and drug residues.
When the grape matures quickly in July, it is conducive to maturity and coloring. To open the bottom of the bag or remove the paper bag, after the bag is unpacked, it is best to use a thicker plastic film with a light transmission, a length and width of 30*30 cm plastic bag, in 15 Cut in 15 cm at the centimeters, stack the plastic film on both sides of the fruit stem at the cut-out, and use a stapler to set it in place to cover the ears like a lampshade. This will prevent the bird from beeing, protect the fruit surface, and help to color .
Six, winter pruning
The flowering rate of “Nanyu Grape†is very high. According to the X-shaped tree, it is generally better to use medium and long crops. If the result is thicker than 0.8 cm, select the branches to be full, shoots are full, and long, medium, and short are combined. Slightly trimmed on the basis of summer and the use and distribution of tree-shaped and racking surfaces, trimming of the scheduled yield.
Seven, graded packaging
Fruit must be graded: Premium, First, Second
1. Special fruit: Ear weight 600-800 grams, average fruit 13 grams or more, uniform fruit, bright color, no spots, medicine spots, injury spots, good fruit powder, hard fruit, hard candy at about 20 degrees .
2. A fruit: Ear weight 600 or more, fruit average 10 grams or more, uniform size, no lesions, medicine spots, injuries, bright color, fruit powder is good, hard fruit. The degree of sugar is above 18 degrees.
3. Grade 3 fruit: Ear weight 400 or more, fruit weight more than 8 grams, no spots, medicine spots, good color quality, hard fruit, sugar content above 16 degrees.
4. The packing box is generally divided into three kinds of 10 kg, 5 kg, and 2.5 kg. It must be firm, with gorgeous appearance and exquisite appearance, which makes people feel precious fashion.
Before disassembling the bag, the whole garden must be sterilized. First, use lime sulfur and other drugs to disinfect the ground, and then sprinkle 50 kg of lime on the ground. After spraying the bacteria on the fruit trees, remove the bag or open the bottom of the bag. Pay attention to splitting the bags in batches as well.
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