Symptoms Oat scattered smut is a common disease spread in oat growing areas in southern and northern China. The main invasive seed. Most of the whole ear disease, individual middle and lower incidence of ear grain. Dwarf plants are only 1/3-1/2 of plant height and the heading period is advanced. The disease was first seen in flower organs. After the infection, the ovary swelled. The seeds of the diseased ear were filled with black powder, and the outer layer was covered with a gray film. The later gray film ruptured, and black-brown chlamydial spore powder was dispersed, leaving the cob. China's Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Sichuan, Jiangsu, Fujian and Taiwan all occur. (Figure left)
The pathogen Ustilago avenae (Pers.) Rostr. said oat scattered black fungus, belongs to Basidiomycotina fungus. Synonyms U.nigra Tapke. The spores of the germs are born in flower organs and generally only destroy part of the spikelets. Cob and Meng Ying suffer less. Thick and round buns are round to elliptical, 5-67-9 (μm) in size, olive brown, with fine thorns on the surface, and spores produce burdens and spores.
Transmission Pathways and Pathogenic Conditions The pathogenic bacteria are present in the sclerotinia or between seeds and spores after germination. The hyphae lurk in the gap between glumes and seeds or after the spores germinate. The hyphae lurk in the winter between glume and seed coat. Or more summers. After the seeds of the diseased seeds are sown, the buns germinate or the hyphae regenerate and then invade the seedlings. The bacterium was infiltrated with the dinuclear mycelium from the embryo at the base of the host seedling and was shorter than 2.5 cm, and then grew with the plant, and expanded toward the growing point and the panicle, forming the chlamydospore in the oat seed. During the flowering period of oats, the chlamydospores on the diseased plants were scattered on the flowers of the healthy plants, and the mycelia invaded the shields and seed coats so that the seeds became infected and the seeds could not be seen. The germs wintered in the seeds. The temperature limit of germ development is 4-34°C, and the suitable temperature is 18-26°C. There is less rainfall at the sowing date in the production, the soil water content is less than 30%, the seedlings grow slowly, grow slowly, and the invasion period of the bacteria grows. Sowing too deeply.
Control methods (1) Selection of resistant varieties such as Erhutou buckwheat in Inner Mongolia and Wuzhai buckwheat in northern Shanxi. (2) Soaking in warm soup Soaking seeds in 55°C hot water for 10 minutes can also be pre-soaked in cold water for 3 hours, and then soaked in 52°C hot water for 5 minutes. Cool in cold water, remove and dry them. (3) Put 40% formalin into 1% solution and evenly spray it onto the seed. Mix well and cover with sack or plastic film. Breed immediately after 5 hours of permanent seeding; also use 280 times liquid 40% fort. Malin soaked seeds for 60 minutes and allowed to dry. (4) soaking with 5% soap liquid for 4-6 hours or dressing seed with 0.5%-1% sulfur powder. (5) Timely sowing in due course according to local conditions, leveling the ground and improving the quality of sowing.
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