In order to increase economic efficiency, the area of ​​potato planting in early spring has been expanding, but there are many problems in the production process. To this end, during the process of research, experimentation and demonstration, the potato three-film covering cultivation techniques in early spring were gradually formed. The main points are as follows:
First, choose a good variety
The use of Luyi No. 1 and the Netherlands 15th varieties and the use of virus-free potato seed potatoes require about 150 kilograms of potatoes per acre.
Second, seed treatment and germination
1. Sowing and dicing: 20 to 25 days before sowing, seed potatoes are planted in a warm and sunny place for 2 to 3 days, and diseased potatoes and rotten potatoes are removed, and then cut into pieces. When cutting, make full use of the apical dominance, spiral to the top of the beveled, and finally press the top bud into two or one into four, each piece of potato retains 1~2 buds, weighing 25~30 grams. After cutting one seed potato each time, the knife is disinfected with 75% alcohol.
2. Germination, chemical seed dressing: After drying the blade, put it in a room with a temperature of 18~20°C. Use the stratification method to germinate. When the bud grows to about 2 cm, it is placed under the scattering light and dried. .
The seed dressing of pesticides can reduce the occurrence of diseases such as black shank and dry rot in the seedling stage caused by the inoculation of seed potatoes. 50 grams of Propocaine 50% suspension can be used to mix high-precision 60% suspension seed coating agent 20 ml, added to 1 liters of water after shaking are sprayed on 100 kilograms of potato chips, dried and sown.
Three, soil fertigation
Choose no shade around, leeward, sunny environment, no pollution, fertile loam, sandy loam field, deep plowing 25 to 30 cm, and then squeaking fine, even uniform, requires the soil to Panasonic real. Mushi roasted 5000 kg high quality organic fertilizer, potato formula fertilizer (15-12-18) 100 kg.
Fourth, build a shed
A plastic arch shed was built 7 days before sowing and covered with agricultural film to increase the ground temperature. The shed is generally north-south and east-west.
Fifth, sowing
Sowing time is from late January to early February. Mu is planted around 4,500 trees. Ridged double row cultivation, large row spacing 85~90 centimeters, small row spacing 25 centimeters, plant spacing 20~25 centimeters. Ridges are planted in a single row with a spacing of 70 cm and a plant spacing of 20-25 cm. Available 3% phoxim granules 2 ~ 3 kg / mu, control of underground pests.
After covering the film, two or three small sheds were built according to the width of the shed, and the agricultural film was covered on that day.
Six, field management
1, temperature management: keep the day 20 ~ 26 °C, night 12 ~ 14 °C. For better insulation, the agricultural film of the small shed was opened during the day and covered at night until early March. In the early period of potato development, small mouth ventilation can be opened at noon, and the air volume is gradually increased as the ambient temperature increases. In the middle and late March, the two sides of the open air are ventilated, and in mid-April, from the semi-uncovered film to the full-uncovered film, it is covered by the film during the day and removed at night until it is removed. When the outside temperature is stable above 5°C, the film can be removed.
2, water management: According to weather conditions and soil moisture, generally postemergence, regimental period, cap after pouring water. Watering can not be flooded, pouring to ridge height 1/3 ~ 1/2 is better. Potatoes should be flooded with potatoes. Stop watering 7 days before harvest.
3. Foliage dressing: 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar spray is applied per acre during the expansion period, and the spraying interval is 7~10 days, and it is sprayed 2~3 times.
Seven, timely harvest
It can be harvested from late April to mid-May, depending on price and output.
VIII. Pest Control
Major potato pests and diseases: late blight, aphids. Adhering to the principles of harmless treatment that “mainly agricultural prevention, physical control, and chemical control are complementaryâ€.
1, agricultural control: 1 selection of disease-resistant varieties. 2 Implement a strict rotation system. 3 To cultivate age-appropriate seedlings and improve resistance to stress; to clean the pastoral areas, to prevent water accumulation and to prevent the occurrence of infestation diseases; to control the temperature and humidity, to avoid the obstacles caused by low temperature and high temperature; to do a good balance between soil fertigation and application of adequately decomposed organic fertilizers. , less fertilizer, prevent soil eutrophication.
2, physical control: hang silver gray film, yellow board and other measures to control aphids.
3. Chemical control: 1 Prevent and treat late blight, which can be controlled by 600 times of silver-fale, 70% of mancozeb 800 times, 72.2% of Prec 600x. 2 control of aphids, can be used 10% imidacloprid WP 1000 times or 50% anti-inflamy WP 1600 times spray.
Appropriate promotion area: Huanghuaihai potato two seasons
Precautions: According to the needs of the local market, select suitable varieties for greenhouse cultivation. Frost damage and pests and diseases need to focus on prevention. According to market conditions timely harvest, improve efficiency. (
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