Author: Liu Xia Release Date: 2018-06-26
According to a recent report by the University of Michigan official website, the school's researchers have created a computing device with a side length of only 0.3 mm - smaller than a rice, and defeated International Business Machines (IBM) in microcomputing. In March of this year, IBM announced the development of the world's smallest (1 × 1 mm) computer, and the latest equipment is only one-tenth the size.
However, both the University of Michigan and IBM are not sure if their latest device is a real computer, because such a micro device loses all data such as running programs and displaying dates once power is lost. The "Michigan Dust" (2 x 2 x 4 mm) system, which previously won the "World's Smallest Computer" crown, retains its programming and data even without external power.
David Bloou, professor of current systems development and professor of electrical and computer engineering, said: "We are not sure if they should be called computers, because they have the most basic functions required by computers. It is a matter of opinion."
Nonetheless, in addition to random access memory (RAM) and photovoltaic cells, new computing devices have processors, wireless transmitters, and receivers. However, the new device "body size" is too small to install a normal wireless antenna, so it receives and transmits data through visible light. The base station provides light to generate electricity and run programs.
Researchers point out that one of the biggest challenges for such computing devices is how to run at very low power consumption when the system package must be transparent. "We have to invent new circuit design methods, such as the use of switching diodes, which can be used to switch capacitors like tiny solar cells," Blouch said. Another challenge is to achieve high precision in low-power operation. This can make many of the usual electrical signals (such as charge, current, and voltage) more noisy.
The system is very flexible and can be used for a variety of purposes, but due to the need for oncology, the team used it for accurate temperature measurements, hoping to clarify the issue of tumor temperature. Some studies have shown that tumor temperatures are higher than normal tissue temperatures, and temperature can also help assess the therapeutic effects of cancer. This device converts the temperature into a time interval defined by an electronic pulse, reporting the temperature in a very small area (such as a group of cells) with an error of only 0.1 °C.
Source: Technology Daily
Total knee replacement is for patients with severe pain and/or severe joint disability due to osteoarthritis, post-traumatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or previous implant failure.
The total knee joint system consists of femoral condylar , tibial tray,tibial insert and patella.The femoral condylar and tibia tray are made of Co-Cr-Mo in accordance with the quality standards.Tibial insert and patella are made of UHMWPE containing PBHP antioxidants.
The revision knee system is suitable for cemented total knee replacement in patients with severe joint pain or severe disability due to osteoarthritis, post-traumatic arthritis, or rheumatoid arthritis, moderate knee varus, varus, or flexion deformity of the knee, avascular necrosis of the femoral condyle, previous failed knee replacement, osteotomy, or other knee surgery.
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a practical and effective method for the treatment of serious knee arthropathy. However, attention should be paid to the selection of indications, the correction of joint internal and external inversion and flexion deformity, and the correct placement of tibial prosthesis to reduce the loosening of tibial prosthesis. At the same time, early functional exercise should be carried out to reduce postoperative complications. Total knee arthroplasty (TKR) provides an effective treatment for patients with severe knee arthrosis.
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