Symptoms only infect the middle and lower spikelets of spikelets. The ovary of the diseased ear all become the teliospores heap, which is black powder and some are mixed in the middle of the pellet. At the beginning of the disease, there were light brown membranes outside the spore bank. After the spores matured, the color turned brown to dark brown. In the later period, the outer layer of the sprue pile broke, exposing the black powder, and the black powder did not disperse. There is no significant difference between disease and healthy particles, and the diseased grains are stiff and there is no axial axis inside. Distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Gansu and other provinces.
The pathogen, Ustilago kenjiana lto, refers to the city smut fungus or sorghum flower black fungus, belongs to the Basidiomycotina fungus. The teliospores are nested in the ovary of the flower primordium, with an outer gray-brown capsule and no middle column. The teliospores are round to elliptic, with a size of 4-7.6 μm and brown walls. The teliospores have fine stings on the wall surface after they mature.
The route of transmission and the pathogenesis of infection are not yet clear. Some people vaccinate when sorghum is nearing flowering, which can cause morbidity. Infestation occurs when the stigma of the flower and the anthers have not yet exposed outside the shield, and the whitish teliospore pile is visible after the shield opens 2-3 days later. The phospores germinate without being dormant after browning. It can live for 1.5 years outdoors and lose its vigor after wintering in the soil. The room can survive for 3 years. The first mycelium of the tetracysts after germination of teliospores, terminal or lateral microspores. The teliospore germinated at a suitable temperature of 24°C, the highest germination temperature was 35°C, and the lowest temperature was 10°C. Relative humidity less than 90% is unfavorable to its germination. The teliospores germinate at 24°C for 3 hours. The disease is caused by local infection of flower organs, and the disease occurs in the year after infection, and it is a local invasive disease.
See sorghum long grain smut disease control methods.
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