Lodging is a major obstacle to rice's high yield. The earlier the lodging, the greater the impact on yield. According to calculations, the rice yield during the milk ripening period will be reduced by 34%, and the wax ripening period and lodging in the yellow ripening period will reduce the yield by 20%. Lodging not only results in a reduction in production, but also takes time and labor to harvest, affecting the quality of rice. Therefore, field management must be strengthened to prevent lodging in rice production.
The type of rice lodging:
Roots down: Because the roots are stunted, the roots are shallow and unstable, lack of support, and they are eroded by wind and rain, and flat lodging occurs.
Stems down: Because the stems are not strong, they cannot afford the weight of the upper part, so that different degrees of lodging occur.
Rice lodging causes:
Rice lodging is closely related to many factors, and is the result of the interaction of many factors such as breed characteristics, environmental factors, cultivation measures, and various lodging resistance traits. In the aspect of root lodging resistance, the length, thickness, internal structure of the roots, and the number, composition and distribution of the entire root system all affect the lodging of rice. In particular, the number and proportion of deep root systems have the greatest influence; in terms of stem fall, Plant height, section length, section thickness and wall thickness have the greatest influence on the plant. The reasons for inducing rice lodging are as follows:
1. Variety does not fall down: Plants with short internodes, stout stems, erect leaves, short flag leaves and well-developed root varieties are not susceptible to lodging, and vice versa. Planting lodging varieties is the key to preventing the lodging of rice.
2. Unreasonable planting density: too many planting holes per acre or too many seedlings in each hole seriously affect the ventilation and light transmission of rice, resulting in poor root growth, weak plant growth, and internode growth. It is easy to incur lodging.
3. Fertilizer management is not in place: one-sided application of nitrogen fertilizer makes the plant grow too prosperous, seal line is too long for jointing, and the leaf area at the ear stage is too large, causing lodging; long-term deep water irrigation causes the stalk base to grow long and the lower leaves die prematurely. Roots are stunted and lodging.
4. Pests and diseases: pests and diseases are not controlled in time, stem tissue is destroyed, and it is easy to cause lodging.
Therefore, to prevent rice lodging on production, the following measures should be taken:
1. Select fertilizer-resistant lodging-resistant varieties: For example, use fertilizer-resistant varieties with semi-dwarf, thick stems, well-developed roots, and upright leaves.
2. Strengthen water and fertilizer management: appropriate application of nitrogen fertilizer, reasonable application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, a small amount of micro-fertilizers such as silicon fertilizer; shallow water ground irrigation, shallow water intermittent irrigation method should be implemented at each growth stage of rice, water layer can be appropriate in the booting stage Deepen, after the heading, continue to keep shallow ground irrigation.
3. Proper and dense planting: Constructing a reasonable population structure can prevent the population density from being too large, have good ventilation and light transmission, and the stem and leaf tissue are old and healthy, enhance the resistance to diseases and insect pests, and can also enhance the lodging resistance of stems.
4. Promptly cultivated fields: Shaitian is an important measure to prevent lodging of rice. Therefore, in the late stage of rice tillering, drainage and drying fields should be carried out to control ineffective tillering, improve the soil environment, and enhance the vitality of the roots, so that the rice seedlings can reach a stable and healthy growth.
5. Prevent pests and diseases in a timely manner to protect the stalk's lodging resistance from pest damage or to minimize damage to the culm. (Golden Nonghua Jiangxi Division)