Sweet cherries are one of the fruit tree species with good planting efficiency. At present, Shandong, Liaoning, Hebei, Henan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, and Beijing are actively planning and developing. However, there is a general problem that production is low and unstable. The main reason is that most varieties of sweet cherry are not self-pollinated. Although some sweet cherry orchards are equipped with pollination varieties or artificial pollination, the fertility rate is still low. This is because cross-pollination among the most varieties of sweet cherry can be strong, but cross-pollination between varieties is not robust, and The difference between flowering time of the variety is sooner or later, and early flowering varieties do not meet the flowering time of late flowering varieties. Therefore, species with similar flowering duration and pollinating affinity must be allocated as pollination trees in order to ensure a high fruit setting rate and ensure stable yields.
First, the principle of allocation of pollination varieties
1. The pollination affinity should be selected as the pollination variety for the pollination and affinity of the main cultivar. For known S-genotype cultivars, the S-genotypes of the cultivars can be used to determine whether the cultivars not in the same group as the main cultivars should be used as pollination cultivars; for the main cultivars of unknown S genotypes, According to the distance between the cultivars, the species with distant relationship were selected and confirmed as high-affinity varieties by the field pollination test as pollination cultivars (Note: The sweet cherry pollination affinity is genetically determined by a single gene locus. A pair of S alleles control).
The flowering period of sweet cherry flowering phenophase is different due to the early and late phenotypes, such as Rabins, Laizhou Zaohong, Naoeng earlier flowering period, while Cevia, Regina and other flowering later, early flowering Varieties and flowering late flowering varieties basically do not meet, according to the United States Michigan State University horticultural test station investigation and research, flowering early and late flowering varieties between the flowering period of 5-12 days. When determining the pollination varieties, the flowering period of each variety should be considered sooner or later. The flowering period of the pollinated varieties and the main cultivars should be the same, or flowering 1-2 days earlier than the main cultivars, so as not to miss the best pollination period.
3. Economic traits of pollinated varieties The pollinated varieties themselves must be of good comprehensive economic traits, and can be pollinated with the main cultivars. In fact, the pollen amount of most varieties is larger and the flowering period is also similar. Therefore, the key to selecting pollination varieties is to use varieties that can produce normal pollen and cross-pollination to be strong.
II. Cultivation measures to increase seed-setting rate
1. Strengthen the cultivation and management, control the crown and promote flowers to strengthen the soil fertilizer management, apply more organic fertilizer, timely application of chemical fertilizers and trace elements, as far as possible to make the tree storage adequate organic nutrients. To control vegetative growth and promote flowering through technical means such as pulling branches, carving buds, and topping, especially for 4-5-year-old strong-wang trees, to control the crown and promote flowering, timely spraying new shoot inhibitors, opening branch angles, and preventing diseases. Insects, especially leaf diseases, spraying borax and potassium dihydrogen phosphate or gibberellin at flowering stage, thinning and thinning fruit can increase fruit setting rate.
2. Reasonably configure pollination varieties Pollination varieties should be configured as reasonably as possible. The main cultivated varieties accounted for 60% and the pollinated varieties accounted for 40%. - For a small area of ​​the garden, you can choose 3-4 varieties of mixed plants; large areas of the garden should plant multiple varieties, according to the maturity of different arrangements for the appropriate cultivation ratio, the main cultivars and pollination varieties were planted in rows To facilitate batch harvesting and sales during the harvest season.
3. Flowering bee during flowering period and artificially-assisted pollination The flowering period of bees can significantly increase the seed setting rate. Generally, 3 boxes or 3000-5000 bees per hectare are required. Two days before flowering, the beehives were moved to the cherry orchard to allow the bees to adapt to the surrounding environment and pollinate in time for flowering. In case of adverse weather conditions such as rainy days, temperatures below 15°C, and excessive wind speed during the flowering period, the bees are not (or less) active. The effect of bee pollination in the garden is poor, and artificial pollination should be carried out at this time. The simple pollinator made has a good effect.
4. Advocate to cover the cultivation of sweet cherry flowers are susceptible to adverse weather conditions, such as: night cream, low temperature, rainfall, dry hot wind, etc., can cause flower damage, development or affect insect pollination activities, resulting in poor pollination and fertilization or no fruit, using a simple greenhouse Covering cultivation can effectively reduce the harmful effects of bad weather on pollination and set fruit, and can also be matured in advance to avoid rain cracking and bird damage.
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