Premature ageing of cotton refers to the phenomenon that yellow leaves fall off in advance under proper climatic conditions. In the field, it is characterized by chlorotic chlorosis between the veins of the leaf after flowering stage. The yellowing leaves begin from the farthest point away from the main stem, from above. Downward, from outside to inside, the leaves gradually dry off. Premature aging has a greater impact on the yield and quality of cotton. The earlier it occurs, the greater the impact, and it can generally reduce production by 10% to 40%.
The premature aging of cotton is due to the fact that the normal growth of fertilizer and water in the growing season of cotton needs to be satisfied, resulting in premature aging and premature defoliation. The specific manifestations are as follows: First, the fertilization in the cotton field is insufficient or the fertilization is not balanced, and it is difficult to meet the growth needs of cotton; Second, the root development Poor or late mid-stage adverse environmental impacts result in weak root absorption capacity. Root-absorbed nutrients cannot meet the normal growth needs of cotton. Third, brown wilt disease affects vascular bundle transport capacity, so that moisture and inorganic nutrients absorbed by the root system cannot be transported in time. Needles and other organs. Therefore, premature aging of cotton can be classified as a physiological disease, often caused by the interaction of various causes, and it is easy to prevent and cure.
In view of the above causes of premature aging of cotton, it can be seen that the prevention of premature morbidity must be preceded by the application of fertilizer, followed by the cultivation of strong seedlings, the protection of the root system, and finally the timely prevention and treatment of diseases. The author summarized the following nine comprehensive prevention and control measures from the cultivation technique and discussed it with everyone:
1. The most effective crop rotation system not only avoids the shortage of trace elements in the cotton field due to long-term continuous cropping, but also can effectively reduce the occurrence of soil-borne diseases, especially the occurrence and damage of wilting and verticillium wilt. In southwestern Guizhou, cotton and wheat are recommended for rotation.
Second, it is important to cultivate peasants without looting and sowing. This often requires watering after emergence. Watering causes low temperature and high humidity in the cotton fields, which easily leads to outbreaks of seedling diseases and is not conducive to the cultivation of strong seedlings.
Third, the application of fertilizers should be reasonable. The three major elements of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium must not only be fully applied, but also balanced. The regular demand for fertilizer for cotton is roughly 3:1:3. Therefore, the pure NPK consumption is not less than 12 kg, 4 kg, and 12 kg, respectively, excluding soil available nutrients. When the main elements are fully applied, a certain amount of micro-fertilizer is appropriately supplemented. For example, when arable land is applied, 2 kg of borax and 1 kg of zinc sulfate are used as base fertilizer. Pay attention to foliar spray fertilizer in the middle and late cotton can also effectively prevent premature aging.
Fourth, the appropriate period sowing seedlings seedlings early in the seedlings susceptible to cold or low temperature before the emergence of seedlings, seedlings susceptible to low temperature infection after the disease, the appropriate sowing date for the South Central Plains film cotton after April 20, it is best not in this Sow before time.
V. The seedlings during the bud stage can not only reduce the damage of weeds, but also effectively increase the temperature and cultivate strong seedlings, especially in the seedling stage and bud stage. The effect of scratching is more obvious.
6. The first pruning postponed the root system of cotton seedlings to develop faster than the aboveground part at the seedling stage. As much as possible to retain the green part to synthesize nutrients and promote the development of the root system, it is recommended that the first pruning time be postponed until the budding, and Don't "pull legs" when pruning.
The main purpose of the vegetal film removal during the bud period is to increase the ground temperature and reduce the evaporation of water. Before the bud stage, the effectiveness of the mulching film is very large. However, since the middle and late June, the temperature has risen and the rainy season has come. At this time, the plastic film has lost its function, and even in the case of high temperature and high humidity, it is easy to cause early decline of root absorption capacity. Therefore, we should remove the film in time, and the latest is not later than the end of June.
VIII. Insect pest control In time, the hazards of seedling stage disease, yellowing wilt, late leaf spot, aphid, and spider mites can all promote the occurrence of premature aging of cotton. It is necessary to timely prevent and cure, and it can also add a little medical treatment when spraying regularly. Carbendazim, chlorothalonil, etc., and insecticides such as imidacloprid and dicofol. There are certain preventive effects on such pests and diseases.
Nine, drought, drought, drought, etc., affecting the early drought, affecting root development; middle and late cotton field water, promote root death, due to water, field water must be promptly discharged.
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