Watering and watering is one of the most important and frequent measures for stump management. Stumps are planted in pots. Whether they are deep or shallow, the soil is always limited and the water content is limited. If water is not added to water for a long time, the stump will be withered due to lack of water. Observe that watering is done according to the dry and wet conditions of the soil to keep the soil moisture. Of course, watering can not be excessive, if the watering is too much, long-term wet basin soil, it is easy to cause root hypoxia and rot; at the same time the number of watering depends on the specific tree species, seasonal changes, weather may be cool and warm. Generally speaking, in the summer or in drought, it is best to pour water once in the morning and in the evening. In the spring and autumn season, pour water once a day or every other day. The spring stump sprouts, and water may be poured in the morning and evening depending on the situation. In the rainy season or rainy season, watering is not required, and drainage must be taken care of. Sandy soil can be watered more, and sticky soil should be less watered. Watering can be sprayed on the leaf surface, or it can be filled with water at the root. Generally, the two are combined, the first leaf is sprayed with water, and then the roots are filled with water to make sure that the “half water†causes the phenomenon of wet noodles and dry inside the basin. The surface spray should not be too much, and it can easily cause shoots to grow. The soil in pots and pots with bonsai fertilization is limited, so nutrients are limited and attention should be paid to fertilizer supplements. Bonsai bonsai because of its small and medium-sized artistic characteristics, can not be applied too much, too often, to grasp the content of fertilization, types, grasp the fertilization season. The three elements of plant growth nutrients are nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers. Nitrogen fertilizer can promote the growth of stumps and leaves. Phosphorus fertilizer can promote flower and fruit formation. Potash fertilizer can promote the growth of stems and roots. Therefore, fertilizer should be selected according to the type of stump and its growth status. And ok. Need to make stumps flourish, can apply more nitrogen fertilizer; need more stumps, it can increase the content of phosphate fertilizer; need to dry stout, developed, you can apply more potassium. Fertilization methods are generally divided into delayed fertilization and quick-effect fertilization. Slow-effect fertilization is generally to mix organic fertilizer into smashed and decomposed soil in a certain proportion. When changing soil, it is blended into the pot to allow it to provide nutrients slowly; quick-acting fertilization is to dilute the organic fertilizer or chemical fertilizer. According to the seasonal growth of tree stumps, fertilization is needed, but care must be taken not to overdo it. Newly planted stumps should not be used for such fertilization. Diseases and pests prevention and control branches disease: manifested in the branches of the phloem, formation layer rot, stem rot and ulcers appear on the branches, the emergence of rotted branches, dry heart decay, spots and other phenomena on the branches, usually Bordeaux mixture should be sprayed, Xu Zhi to lime sulfur mixture, and scraping away the rot and other local. Foliar diseases: Foliar diseases usually appear yellow-brown or black spots, leaf curling, withered, early deciduous and other symptoms, may be yellowing, leaf spot, soy, powdery mildew and so on. Leaf spot can be removed leaves, spraying Bordeaux mixture; yellowing can be used 0.1 ~ 0.2 ferrous sulfate solution sprayed leaf; powdery mildew can be used Baume 0.3 ~ 0.5 degrees sulfur mixture spray. Root diseases: The bonsai roots of tree stumps are aging, and they are easy to produce root rot or root nodule disease caused by various bacteria and fungi. Attention should be paid to the disinfection of potted soil and the control of watering volume. Scale insects control: scale insect harm is widespread and numerous. It is a pest that absorbs the sap of the stump. After the stump is harmed, the stump is liable to cause soot disease, which causes poor growth, yellow leaves and branches, and early falling leaves. The control method is to use 40% of Dimethoate EC 1000 ~ 150O times solution, or use 80% dichlorvos 1000 ~ 1500 times solution to spray it, except that it is manually brushed and killed. Red spider management: Red spider is to harm the leaves by sucking leaves and leaf juice. After pests, the leaves are gray-spotted and cause yellowish shedding. The prevention and control method is to use 4O% dimethoate emulsion 1500 ~ 200O times solution or 50% viscopuran wettable powder 1000 times solution to spray kill, Locust control: a large variety of locusts, endangering the general, the victim's stump generally curled leaves drooping, severe leaves The surface is black, dry and falling off. Control methods: generally use 4O% dimethoate 2000 ~ 300O times solution to spray, once a week. Or use the fish rattan 2.5% 800 ~ 1200 by aqueous solution spray. Trimming bonsai trees is still growing. If they are allowed to grow naturally and without restraint, they will inevitably affect the shape of the tree and lose its artistic value. Therefore, we must prune in time, short-cut long-distance techniques, secret techniques sparsely cut, in order to maintain a beautiful posture and appropriate proportions. Topping: The bonsai of the tree inhibits its high growth, promotes the lateral development and development, and can pick off the tip of its technique. Picking buds: When bonsai trees grow many adventitious buds on their dry base or stem, shoots should be picked at any time to avoid sprouting and affecting the appearance of trees. Picking leaves: The bonsai of the foliage is often observed during the germination period of the new leaves. For example, the new leaves of the tree, the pomegranate, etc. are red. By picking the leaves, the trees can make new leaves several times a year. Ornamental effect. Pruning: The bonsai tree often produces many new branches. In order to maintain its beautiful appearance, it is necessary to pay constant attention to repair techniques. The technique should be determined according to the shape of the tree. If it is a cloud shape, the branches are trimmed into a flat shape. Obstruction of the appearance of dead branches, parallel branches, cross-cutting techniques, etc., should be promptly cut. Rooting: When the roots are combined with the roots, the roots are too dense and too long to be trimmed. Consider the following conditions. The new roots of the trees are not well developed and the roots are not covered with the bottom of the blocks. The pots can still be used to turn over the pots without pruning the root system. Roots with well-developed trees should be rooted on the underside of the block, and larger basins should be used to remove the dense roots, remove the old roots, and keep a few new roots to turn over. Some old piles of potted plants can be properly rooted to increase their ornamental value when they are turned over. And pruning to the old root and root part, cultivated loose soil, in order to promote new roots. After the bonsai trees in pots have been grown in pots for many years, the pelvic floor must be covered with roots. It is difficult for the water to infiltrate and discharge, and the fertilizer is not easily absorbed. This will affect the normal growth of the trees. At this time, the pots should be replaced. The basin can be used for the original pot or for a bigger one, depending on the size of the tree. Changing the soil can improve the aeration and water permeability of the soil, increase soil nutrients, and facilitate the robust growth of bonsai trees and enhance their ornamental effect. The soil in which the stumps are changed is mainly humus soil, paddy soil, and mountain mud. When the soil is changed, some nutrients can be added to the soil to volatilize and volatilize it in the soil to become delayed nutrients. This can make the stumps. Slowly benefited. As for the determination of soil pH, it depends on the specific conditions of the species. When changing basins, generally fix the screen or tile at the bottom of the basin first, then add large particles of soil to facilitate drainage, then put into the stump, fill in the culture of the finer particles, and tighten it with bamboo and wooden sticks. And depending on the species, determine the amount of watering. Bonsai potted trees can be decided according to the following aspects: 1 generally small bonsai once every 1 to 2 years, potted once, medium bonsai 2 to 3 years, potted once, large bonsai 3 to 5 years pot once. If it is an old tree stump, it can be replaced once more in several years. (2) Tree species that thrive and grow fertile are more likely to turn over more often, with shorter intervals; trees that grow slowly, require less fertilizer, and fewer times to turn over, may have longer intervals. Conifers and old piles should not be turned over. 3 lush foliage, tree species with well-developed root system should be frequently turned over. The pots can be determined by the growth of the roots. When the pot is not dry or wet, the pots are turned over, and the pots are tapped by hand so that all the roots of the trees and roots are poured out to check the compaction of the soil and the distribution of the roots. For example, the compaction of the soil blocks and the bottom of the densely covered soil blocks indicate that the basin must be turned over. The time of tumbling is best to select the dormancy period of trees, mostly in early spring or late autumn. If there are more original soils left, you can turn the pots at any time, not subject to seasonal restrictions. If you need to replace most or all of your soil, you should strictly select the appropriate period of dumping. Place and protect the bonsai tree stump placement should also be determined according to the characteristics of the location of the species, generally should be placed in the ventilation of light, there must be a certain space humidity, the sun is not enough, poor ventilation, there is no space humidity, can make the plant hair Yellow, dry hair, causing pests and diseases, until death. However, some trees are shaded and some stumps need a little more sunlight, so shades or shading measures must be taken. For example, some evergreen broad-leaved or non-broad-leaved species such as Cyclovirobuxine, Rhododendron, Camellia, etc. are mostly shaded, while crape myrtle, ginkgo biloba, and Begonia are hieroglyphs. Therefore, it should be determined according to specific conditions. Some tree stumps have cold or non-cold resistance. Non-cold stumps generally enter the greenhouse for maintenance and management in winter, such as eucalyptus and Fujian tea.