In recent years, Dingxing County cooperated with Hebei Agricultural University to explore and innovate the high-yield cultivation techniques for tomatoes in overwintering facilities. Key innovations include carbon dioxide slow-release oxygen-enriched straw fermentation technology, cutting half-leaf technology, high-ridge cultivation techniques, and full-film covering technology. Through the integration of several technologies, it is possible to achieve the establishment of hard fruit-type plants for the planting of tomatoes from the end of October to early November, harvesting in late February, pulling in mid-June, and yielding between 125,000 and 15,000 kilograms per mu.
The following points are included in the integration of high-yielding cultivation techniques for tomato overwintering facilities:
I. Carbon dioxide slow release oxygen-enriched straw fermentation technology
1. Material preparation. Prepare 4,000 kg of crop straw, 8 kg of starter and 150 kg of wheat bran per mu. The required wheat bran and starter were fully mixed, and 192 kg of water was added. The mixture was allowed to ferment for 48-72 hours at normal temperature, protected from light and air, and accumulated in the previous 24 hours. Then the thickness was flattened by 30 cm until the hyphae grew. ) It can be used for production.
2. Practice. Ditch 40-50 cm long and 25-30 cm deep to fill the straw along the planting line, then fill the straw and compact it. Spread the starter evenly on the straw and shake it once to allow the starter to mix well with the straw. Then according to the specifications of the planting line, the ridges should be ridged and ridged, with a soil covering thickness of 15-18 cm. It is required to be leveled to facilitate watering. After irrigating the water, it is planted according to the planting density. After 2-3 days, a hole is drilled between the two seedlings, deep enough to penetrate the straw layer, and the pore size is 2-4 cm. In order to prevent the mud from sealing the hole, holes must be drilled.
3. The role. The carbon dioxide slow-release oxygen-enriched straw fermentation technology is aimed at the needs of crop growth. Special microorganisms are used to ferment crop straw, herbivorous animal waste, plant fiber waste, industrial waste (such as lees, papermaking waste), and other materials to produce crops. Easy to absorb carbon dioxide, minerals.
Second, the facilities tomato cutting half-leaf technology
1. The effect of adopting the facility tomato cutting half leaf dense planting high-yield technology: when the density increases by 17%-30%, the lower leaf of the middle stage of the expansion will cut 1/3-1/2 of the leaf area, and one can improve the tomato plant. The interception of light energy in the lower canopy of the canopy enhances the photosynthetic efficiency of the population, which can increase production by 14.6%-20%. Second, the canopy leaves in the middle and lower layers can maintain long-term robustness and longevity, delay senescence, reduce the breeding of diseases and insects, and reduce the field medication. The number of times and the amount of medication used to reduce the input and labor intensity to ensure the green safety of the tomato.
2. The scope of application. The facility tomato cutting half-leaf technology can be used for dense planting groups, ie when the conventional density increases by 17%-30%. The large rows of tomatoes are placed in a row of 85 centimeters with a small row spacing of 55 centimeters. Planting density is adjusted by the spacing of the plants. The conventional plant spacing is 41 cm, the density is 2400 plants/mu, the planting density is increased by 31-35 cm and the density is 2800-3100 plants/mu. The facility's tomato cutting half-leaf technology is also applicable to groups that have grown too busy and have closed fields.
3. Facilities tomato cutting half-leaf technical points. The cut half-leaf period was the mid-expansion period of the tomato, and the cut half-leaf area was the lower leaf position of the ear. The degree of the cut half-leaf was generally 1/3-1/2 of the area of ​​the cut leaf.
4. Note. Premature leaf cutting (in the early stages of fruit enlargement, cutting half leaves) significantly impairs the photosynthetic rate of functional leaves, resulting in a decrease in fruit setting rate or fruit weight and a decrease in yield. If the cut-half-leaf period is too late (half cutting at the end of the expansion), canopy closure will occur in the lower and middle layers of the canopy, affecting the field spraying effect and causing serious damage to leaf mildew and whitefly.
Cut half leaf position should be in the middle of the fruit expansion of the lower ear. The upper leaves of the ear should not be cut in half, because its photosynthesis is extremely important for the continued expansion of the ear fruit.
5. The significance of cutting half-leaf technology. Cut a half leaf and remove old leaves and diseased leaves. The old leaves and diseased leaves removed are generally located in the lower layer of the canopy. Their photosynthetic capacity is extremely low and they belong to the leaves of photosynthetic function failure. They are harmful and unprofitable. The leaves with half-leafs belong to the robust functional leaves. After improving the light distribution inside the canopy, not only the composite light absorption coefficient of the canopy can be reduced, but also the leaves of the middle and lower layers of the canopy can maintain the effective interception of light energy for a longer period of time. , but also conducive to the canopy of the lower and middle leaves can maintain long-term robust and longevity, delay aging, reduce the breeding of diseases and insects.
Third, high ridge cultivation
According to a large row of 80 cm, a small row of 50 cm, ridge height 18-20 cm do. The density is 2800-3100 strains/mu, retain 7-8 ear fruit.
The purpose of cultivation with high ridges is to facilitate the ventilation of soil plough layer and the respiration of tomato roots; increase the soil contact area and increase the temperature difference between day and night in the plough layer; promote the differentiation of seedlings and flower seedlings, inhibit leggy and promote worminess; and facilitate watering and With fertilizing materials, it is easy to control the amount of water and reduce fertilizer waste. At the same time, it plays a role in saving water and increasing ground temperature, increasing the yield of crops, enhancing the immunity, disease resistance, and stress resistance of crops, reducing the use of pesticides and fertilizers, and obtaining high-quality and high-yield products.
Fourth, the whole film coverage
Using a plastic film with a width of 1.5-1.8 meters and a thickness of 0.05 mm, covering all the cultivation beds, one is to increase the temperature; the other is to reduce the air humidity.
The fruit, corn, contains a lot of magnesium, which is known to be one of the few trace elements in the food and can help prevent cancer development.And the fruit corn contains a substance called glutathione, which can make some chemical carcinogens in the body toxic.To ward off cancer.
Although corn is highly nutritious, it is rich in crude fibre, so for children with delicate stomachs, too much of it can easily cause indigestion. If you add milk to the juice and then give it to your child, it will be less taxing on the stomach and more nutritious, and your child will be able to eat more food. (This method uses a wall breaker, but if you don't have one, a juicer is fine.)
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