When cracking fruit is encountered during the cultivation process, it is necessary to first clarify the cause of the fruit cracking, and then choose the appropriate solution to minimize the loss.
Fruit cracking is a ubiquitous phenomenon in the production of fruits and vegetables. It is generally easy to appear in the middle and late stages of fruit growth. After splitting the fruit, the quality of the fruit declines, pathogens easily invade, cause rot, and cause serious losses. It has become one of the bottlenecks restricting the development of the fruit and vegetable industry.
But now when it comes to split fruit, most people will first consider calcium deficiency, and even think that as long as calcium is supplemented, it will not split the fruit. This idea is actually wrong. There are many reasons for split fruit, which involve water, fertilization, and management. , Varieties and other aspects, cracking due to lack of calcium or maladjustment is only one of the reasons. In the actual operation, it is necessary to comprehensively analyze the reasons for cracking and comprehensively prevent cracking.
Comprehensive analysis, the reasons for fruit cracking often have the following aspects:
1. Different varieties
Fruit cracking has a lot to do with the physiological and genetic characteristics of the variety. Variety of fruit size, peel thickness, fruit moisture content, cell density, sugar content and acid content, peel development quality will affect the fruit split fruit.
For example, among grape varieties, varieties with thin skin and crisp flesh are easy to crack, and varieties with fast root absorption and large water absorption during coloring are prone to cracking.
Among the nectarine varieties, those with higher sugar content and lower acid content have heavier cracking fruit. Melon and fruit varieties, such as melon and watermelon, have thin skins and brittle skins, which have heavier cracked fruits. Therefore, we must choose varieties with thick skin, small and medium-sized fruits, and storage and transportation resistance.
2. Improper management
1. Temperature change
The temperature is low in the early stage of fruit development, and then the temperature suddenly increases, and the fruit expands rapidly, causing cracking.
2. The rapid changes in soil moisture cause cracking
Drought in the early stage of crop growth, frequent rainfall during the rapid expansion of the fruit, the water delivered to the fruit by the root system increased sharply, and the flesh cells will expand rapidly. There will be cases where the flesh bursts the peel.
This situation is more common on grapes, dates, and pomegranates. If the lack of water in the early stage will affect the expansion of the young fruit, if it encounters continuous rainfall or flooding during the coloring period, it will cause a lot of cracking.
Due to the aging of the tomato peel, as the flesh swells, the skin will not adapt to the swelling speed of the flesh, the flesh will burst the peel, and the tomato will form a concentric ring crack.
Radial streaks of tomatoes.
Reasons: high temperature, strong light, drought and other factors will cause a cork layer on the fruit surface near the fruit pedicle, and the sugar concentration of the fruit will increase. When the rain is long and the rain and a large amount of watering suddenly, the flesh inside the fruit will rapidly expand and the osmotic pressure ( Increased swelling) will swell the peel, and the cracked parts are mostly in the shoulder part of the fruit that is most affected by strong light and high temperature.
3. Nutritional imbalances cause cracking
During fruit growth, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium have the greatest impact on fruit splitting, followed by magnesium, boron, zinc, iron, copper, manganese, and other elements.
When one or more elements are excessive, and the content of other elements is low, cracking will increase. In actual production, in the later stages of crop growth, fruit cracking due to calcium deficiency and potassium excess is very common.
For example, one of the main reasons for the umbilical cracking of tomatoes is the lack of mineral element calcium.
The water and fertilizer supply is uneven, and the radish is prone to cracking.
Therefore, in order to prevent maladjustment of the supply of mineral elements during the growth period of the fruit, the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be properly controlled, and the application amount of trace element fertilizer should be appropriately increased to meet the fertilizer nutrients required for fruit growth and development, and calcium and boron fertilizers and appropriate trace elements should be added in time. Fertilizer, adjust the proportion of various nutrients in the soil, nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer should not be too much, otherwise it will affect the plant's absorption of calcium.
4. Improper manual operation causes cracking
In the daily production and cultivation management of vegetables, in order to increase the ventilation and light transmittance in the shed and improve the coloring of the fruit, the leaves are excessively removed.
Vegetable growers leave only a few leaves in the upper part, all leaves in the lower part are removed, the functional leaves are insufficient, the photosynthetic products produced are insufficient, and the fruit does not receive sufficient nutrients and exhibits fruit splitting.
3. Improper use of plant growth regulators or imbalance of plant endogenous hormones
Improper hormone treatment when eggplant is dipped in flowers can easily cause calyx cracking.
Under the low temperature environment in winter, it is difficult to treat eggplant without hormone treatment. However, the use of 2,4-D growth regulator concentration is too large, or repeated use, or early use to the young bud stage, or when the high temperature evaporation at noon is used, it is easy to induce the formation of calyx fruit and deformed fruit. In addition, changes in the ratio of plant endogenous hormones will affect the growth rate of the peel and pulp. When the growth rate of the two is unbalanced, split fruit will be formed. In actual production, the phenomenon of fruit splitting due to hormone imbalance is more common in the middle and late stages of fruit development.
4. Pest damage
Anthracnose, rust ticks, red spiders and other damage are related to fruit cracking, so attention should be paid to the prevention and control of pests and diseases.
Anthrax can cause cracks in cotton bolls.
Powdery mildew damages the grapes, resulting in skin sclerosis and loss of elasticity. After the hard core period, it tends to split vertically from the top of the fruit to form split fruit.
Therefore, diseases and insect pests should be controlled in time to reduce the occurrence of cracks due to diseases.
V. Soil problems
At present, the problem of soil acidification is becoming more and more prominent. The lack or imbalance of the medium and trace elements caused by it is very common, which aggravates the occurrence of fruit cracking.
Usually apply more organic fertilizers to reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers. Adjust the degree of soil acidification and reduce the degree of fruit cracking.
The above reasons will cause the fruit to crack. When encountering cracking during the cultivation process, you must first clarify the cause of the fruit cracking, and then choose the appropriate solution to minimize the loss.
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