Choose the right variety according to local conditions
In the autumn vegetable production, the temperature is high, the rain is small, and the disease and insect pests are frequent. The varieties should choose excellent varieties that are resistant to disease, high temperature and high yield. 1. Cabbage: pure and improved Qingza No.3 Chinese cabbage, Yiheqiu Chinese cabbage, etc.; 2. Cabbage: Shuanghuan Wangcai, Jingfeng No.1 cabbage, etc.; 3. Carrot: Qingxuan Hetian five-inch carrot 4, autumn cucumber: Bo Xin 525 green cucumber, Jinyan series of cucumbers, etc.; 5, lettuce: all kinds of summer lettuce, 佰盛大空 lettuce; 6, beans: 赣抗一å·, high yield No. 4, head Wang special length No. 2 , preferably 赣秋红豆角; 7, red cabbage: Xianghong No.1, Xianghong No. 2 red cabbage; 8, white radish: early mature short leaves; 9, other: Zhuzhou Xiaoshenlong cabbage and so on.
Clean the garden to prepare for the autumn broadcast
1. Remove the diseased plants, residual leaves and rotten roots in the past, and deepen the toast. Use 100-150 kg of quicklime per acre to reduce the number of pests and diseases.
2, dredge the ditch, to achieve the "circle, main ditch, branch ditch" three-phase pass, can be filled at any time when water is needed, can be discharged in time after the rain, so as not to water.
3, Kandelia fruit vegetables must be rotated with cruciferous vegetables, onion and garlic vegetables, beans and vegetables to reduce the occurrence and spread of various diseases.
4. Apply enough base fertilizer to apply 4000-5000 kg of organic fertilizer per mu, 20-30 kg of imported compound and 100 kg of phosphate fertilizer. Note: In summer and autumn, the temperature is high, and the compound fertilizer should be applied as little as possible to prevent burning roots and burning buds, which will affect the normal growth of vegetables.
Clear seedbed and timely seeding
1. Must choose sandy or viscous soil, deep turn over the soil, finely squash, leveling, soaking the soil with lime, or disinfecting with 70% dikesone 1000-1500 times.
2, 10-15 days before sowing, apply the mature manure and fertilizer, sow the soil in the sowing time, set up the awning shed, seed the seed, cover with thin silt or grass ash, use multi-layer shade net or pest control Covering the net, after the seedlings are unearthed, timely watering and spraying, keeping the vegetable seedlings growing normally,
3. Specific sowing time for autumn sowing varieties. Beans: July 15th - August 10th; Cabbage: early July to early August; Chinese cabbage: August mid-August; White radish: August early-late; Carrot: late July -8 Early in the month; lettuce: early and late August; red cabbage: early August; cabbage moss: early August.
Comprehensive management to strengthen pest control
In summer and autumn, the temperature is high and the rain is low. It is the peak period of vegetable diseases and insects, and the prevention and control of pests and diseases should be strengthened. In accordance with the plant protection policy of “prevention first, comprehensive managementâ€, we adhere to the principle of harmless treatment based on “agricultural prevention, physical control, biological control, supplemented by chemical preventionâ€.
Agricultural control:
1. Select resistant varieties, carry out rotation for more than three years, sorghum cultivation, cover with plastic film, cultivate strong seedlings, increase the application of decomposed organic fertilizer, timely remove diseased plants, remove diseased leaves and diseased branches, and clean the pastoral.
2, strict seed disinfection, reduce seed-borne disease.
3. Cultivate disease-free seedlings.
4, create a suitable growth environment: control the temperature and air humidity, suitable fertilizer and water, sufficient light, through the release of wind and cooling, adjust the appropriate temperature at different growth stages, to avoid high temperature barriers.
Physical control:
1. Facilities protection. In autumn, plastic film, insect nets and sunshade nets are covered to protect against rain, sun and insects, and reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases.
2, trapping and repelling: Protected cultivation using yellow boards to trap aphids, Liriomyza sativae, 30-40 yellow plates per acre. Open-field cultivation of silver-gray mulch or hanging silver-gray film strips to repel aphids, and set up a ç›-frequency vibrating insecticidal lamp to trap pests every 2-4 hectares.
Biological control:
1. Natural enemies: Actively protect and use natural enemies to prevent pests and diseases.
2. Biological agents:
(1) Using BT emulsion to control larvae of Lepidoptera pests such as Pieris rapae, Plutella xylostella, and pea pods, and also root can be used to control cockroaches;
(2) using liuyangmycin 1000-1500 times liquid to control red spiders of beans, melons and eggplants;
(3), Nongkang 120, Wuyincin against melon powdery mildew, anthracnose, tomato leaf mold, gray mold and cucumber scab;
(4) Control bacterial diseases such as cucumber and Solanaceae with agricultural streptomycin and neomycin oxytocin 4000-5000 times.
(5) It is effective to control Plutella xylostella, Liriomyza sativae, Brassica rapae, and melon with Jiqi worm, and it has good effect in preventing and treating sassafras and pea pods.
Chemical control:
1. Disease prevention and treatment:
Blight: Spray with 58% metalaxyl 400-500 times solution and 75% chlorothalonil 600 times solution, or 70% dikesone 1000 times solution or 1% copper sulfate solution, or 60% sterilization 矾 400-500 Double liquid plant spray.
Bacterial leaf spot: spray with 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 600-800 times or 70% manganese Zn 800 times.
Powdery mildew: Spray the leaves evenly with 50 times of 50 sulfur suspension 500 times or 15% of triadimefon (fine rust), spray once every 7-10 days.
Fusarium wilt: Roots are irrigated with 50% succinic acid copper (DT) 400 times solution or 14% lycopene copper 300 times solution or 50% carbendazim 500 times solution.
Bacterial wilt: 77% can be used to kill 500 times solution, or 72% agricultural streptomycin sulfate 4000 times solution, or 50% carbendazim 800-1000 times solution can be used for root irrigation.
Anthrax: Spray with 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 600-800 times or 80% mancozeb WP 500 times.
Viral disease: Spray with 20% virus A500 times solution or 1.5% phytopathogenic 800-1000 times solution.
2. Pest control:
Beet armyworm, Spodoptera litura, Spodoptera litura, Pieris rapae: use 10% to remove 2000 times solution or 15% hit 1500 times solution or 5% taibao 2000 times solution, spray at 5-6 pm, harvest period Deactivated in the first 10 days.
Control of tobacco budworm and cotton bollworm: spray with 2.5% kungfu 500 times liquid or 2.5% enemy kill 6000 times liquid or 5% card dead 1000 times liquid or 5% sharp Jinte 1500-2000 times liquid spray, 10-15 before harvest Stop taking the medicine in the day.
Bean pod: Use 20% pyrethroid 30 ml water plus 75 kg spray or 2% chlorpyrifos powder or 2.5% trichlorfon powder 1.5-2.5 kg per acre or 50% chlorpyrifos 1000 times spray.
Control of mites (Teaf, Red Spider): use 1.8% worms 3000 times solution or avermectin 8000-10000 times solution or 0.3% matrine 1000 times solution or 15% broom 3000 3000? 4000 times The liquid evenly sprays the back of the leaf.
Aphids: Spray with 50% 800 800 times or 10% imidacloprid 1500-2000 times.
Liriomyza sativae: the common name "ghost character", the inhibition of 800-1000 times liquid spray or the death of 800-1000 times liquid spray, spray mainly in the leaf back and heart leaf part.
Cultivate weeding and strengthen field management
1. Leafy vegetables, solanaceous vegetables, onion and garlic, beans, potato vegetables, topdressing 4,000-5000 kg of thin human and animal manure per mu, compound fertilizer 20-30 kg, potash 30-40 kg, urea 20- 30 kg to keep the soil moist.
2, autumn solanes, fruits, such as peppers, eggplant, bitter gourd, cucumber, etc. due to the large tree type, need more water, put "horse water" in the morning, that is, irrigation and drainage, while appropriate application of urea and potassium fertilizer (per Apply 20-30 kg per mu to prevent falling flowers and fruit drop, which is conducive to the normal growth of vegetables.
3. Drought-resistance is mainly based on watering. If ditch irrigation is adopted, the water retention time in the ditch should not be too long. In the case of rainy weather, it is necessary to prevent stagnant water from affecting growth.
4, cultivating: the cultivation of uncovered mulch should be timely cultivating valerian.
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