High-quality potato virus-free cultivation technology

Virus-free original seed is a production method that uses virus-free mini-tubers produced under protected facilities as seed potatoes, and breeds high-quality seed potatoes in high-altitude cold mountainous areas with certain isolation conditions. The main purpose is to breed good potato varieties, which is different from field cultivation.

1. Fine soil preparation, shallow planting and shallow cover

On the basis of choosing loose texture (strong sandy) and good fertility plots, deep turn and two or three times of rake crushing are carried out to make the cultivated layer fine and loose. After sowing and fertilizing in the ditch with cattle, use a hoe to cover the soil shallowly to a depth of 3-5 cm to ensure that the seedlings emerge quickly.

2. Fertilization in batches and reasonable close planting

Virus-free mini-potatoes (single potato weight 2-10g) have small seed potatoes, few bud eyes and weak buds. Applying 60-80 kg of special fertilizer as base fertilizer will burn seed potatoes and seedlings, requiring half as base fertilizer and half as top dressing. Virus-free mini-potato seed potatoes are small in size, and the branches of the plants that grow and develop are relatively short. Increase the seeding density to obtain high yield. Seed potatoes weighing 2-5g, density 6000-8000 plants/mu, seed potatoes weighing 5-10g 4000-6000 plants/mu. Single ridge planting, row spacing 0.5-0.6 meters, plant spacing 0.18-0.25 meters.

3. Timely sowing, timely cultivating and weeding

It is advisable to sow from late March to early April. Xuanwei's spring cold is more serious, and timely sowing is very important. For example, if the seedling is too early, the seedlings will be dry for a long time without irrigation, and the plants have not grown and expanded, and the underground will compete for nutrients. Naturally, good yields cannot be obtained. To solve this contradiction, the only way to properly postpone the sowing period is to make it approach or enter the rainy season after emergence. The soil moisture in the field is good, which is beneficial to the growth of roots, stems and leaves, and gives full play to the advantages of the fast-growing potato, which will quickly grow into lush and robust plants. So as to obtain high quality and high yield. Timely cultivating and weeding is also an important link in the production of original seeds. For example, if we say that large potato seeds are used as mothers and fats, the mini-potatoes are the competitiveness of weak and thin plants and weeds. It's worse, you should hoe as soon as possible to kill the weeds in the sun to promote the growth of seedlings.

Four, early topdressing and soil cultivation in stages

Except for a few late-maturing varieties of potatoes with a relatively long growth period, top dressing is generally not applied. The use of top dressing for breeding stock is to consider the emergence of virus-free minitubers. Therefore, the top dressing should be combined with cultivating as soon as possible after the seedlings to promote the rapid growth of seedlings. It is usually carried out within one week after Qi Miao. Virus-free miniature seed potatoes are planted, and the seedlings are weak and the growth is small. The soil must be cultivated in stages, generally 2 to 3 times. Ensure that the effective photosynthetic green leaf area of ​​the plant is not buried by the cultivated soil, so that the plant can fully grow and develop.

5. Preventing pests and diseases

Propagation of the original species in the spring season, entering the middle and late June, on the one hand, the rain increased, the air humidity was high, and the temperature was suitable for the occurrence of late blight. On the other hand, the potato plant entered the flowering and setting stage, the disease resistance decreased, and late blight and aphids were easy If it happens, it should be prevented in time. The original potato seeds are reproduced, and there are more or less mixed plants in the field. To ensure the quality of seed potatoes, they should be carefully removed. For some early-maturing varieties or early-fruiting varieties, spray with a systemic herbicide solution to kill the plants and potato pieces. When applying the sprayer, put a cover on the sprayer and do not spray the nearby plants. For the late-fruiting varieties , Pull out the miscellaneous plants directly before the tubers bloom.

Seven, early harvest in time, graded packaging

The purpose of potato seed production is to produce robust, high-quality and high yield-increasing seed potatoes, which are somewhat different from the production and processing of raw materials or commercial potatoes for direct consumption. Harvesting should be 10-15 days early to reduce the entry of viruses in stems and leaves. Seed potatoes, slow down the rate of degradation of seed potatoes, extend the service life and increase the yield. Choose sunny days when harvesting, and when the relative water holding capacity of the soil field is less than 30-40%, it is better that the potato pieces are not clay, so as to facilitate indoor storage and storage. They can be stored in bags and transported in 40-50 days indoors.

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