Ninety percent of human access to information comes from the visual system, so loss of vision can seriously affect the quality of life. Fortunately, with the development of medical and technological, the emergence of some wearable devices has changed this situation.
Argus II Visual Prosthesis System
Many blinding eye diseases, such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP), are a rare genetic eye disease that can cause persistent damage to retinal photoreceptor cells. In the normal eye, these photoreceptor cells convert the fibers into electrical stimuli, which are transmitted through the optic nerve to the corresponding areas of the brain to perceive the image. Photoreceptor cells (cone, rod cells) of RP patients slowly wither, causing their peripheral vision, night vision and central vision to be slowly lost. This is a blind eye disease, and there is no effective treatment, artificial The appearance of the retina has brought the gospel to these patients.
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At the end of 2013, the FDA approved the Argus II visual prosthesis system, the first implantable device to be used in the treatment of adult patients with advanced retinitis pigmentosa (RP). This device includes a small camera, a transmitter mounted on a pair of glasses, a video processing unit (VPU), and a prosthesis (artificial retina) implanted in the retina. The artificial retina replaces the denatured retinal cells, which improves the patient's ability to receive images, while the VPU converts the visual signals captured by the camera into electrical signals that are transmitted to the retinal prosthesis.
Dr. Jeffrey Shuren, Director of the FDA's Center for Instrumentation and Radiation Health, said, "This surgical implant provides an option for people who are blinded by RP because there is no approved treatment for RP. This device can help They perceive the shape and movement of the surrounding objects, making their daily life more convenient."
In addition to the cameras and transducers mounted on the glasses, the Argus II retinal prosthesis system also includes a portable video processing unit (VPU) and electrodes that are implanted into the retina. The VPU converts the image information captured by the camera into electrical signals and transmits them wirelessly to the electrodes of the retina, and the electrical pulses generated by the electrodes stimulate the retina to produce image information. The Argus II Retinal Prosthesis System does not preserve vision for patients. It simply helps patients perceive the world around them in a light or dark environment, helping them determine the location or movement of surrounding objects or people.
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The Argus II system is suitable for adults over the age of 25 who have only a light perception (which can sense light but cannot distinguish the direction of the light source) or have no light perception, and their inner retinal function (ie bipolar cells and ganglia) The cells must be functionally intact, and the vision is basically normal before the illness; those who want to implant the Argus II need to be aphakic or intraocular lens (the person with a crystal eye will undergo crystal removal during the implantation process), implanted After the artificial retina, the patient also needs to adapt to the instrument and visual recovery training.
Due to the need for surgical implantation, the Argus II retinal prosthesis also has certain requirements for the condition of the eye itself. It is not appropriate to choose artificial retinal implantation in the following cases: eye diseases that hinder the normal operation of the Argus II system (such as optic nerve disease, central retinal artery or venous obstruction) , history of retinal detachment, trauma, severe strabismus, etc.), ocular structure abnormalities that hinder the implantation and postoperative recovery (eg, extremely thin conjunctiva, axial length less than 20.5 mm or greater than 26 mm, corneal ulcer, etc.), An eye disease (such as a corneal leukoplakia) that causes difficulty in fundus examination outside the cataract. In addition, the patient must be able to tolerate anesthesia, have no metal implants on the head (such as cochlear implants), and need to be trained in rehabilitation after implantation of the artificial retina.
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