Greenhouse vegetables have a high multiple cropping index, high yield, and a large amount of fertilizer, while base fertilizers have a great influence on the yield, quality, and soil properties of vegetables. They are the most basic part of fertilization and are crucial to the growth of vegetable crops. Therefore, the base fertilizer must be reasonably applied. Attention should be paid to the following issues when applying base fertilizer:
First, determine the amount of fertilizer based on the target yield of vegetables
To determine the amount of fertilizer applied to the greenhouse, we must consider the level of soil fertility and the amount of fertilizer needed for vegetables. Generally, 30% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer, 80% of phosphate fertilizer, and 50% of potassium fertilizer are used as base fertilizer. Biological fertilizer and microelement fertilizer are all applied as much as possible at one time. For example, the yield of tomato in autumn quinoa is generally between 8,000 and 9,000 kilograms. In this output range, it needs to absorb 4.4 kilograms of nitrogen, 1.1 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxide and 4.8 kilograms of potassium oxide per 1,000 kilograms of tomatoes. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is 1:0.25. :1.1, more calcium, boron, etc. are needed. The base fertilizer should be selected for high-phosphorus fertilizers, followed by low-phosphorus fertilizers. The amount of basic fertilizer is 40-50 kilograms, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1:1:0.75; the application rate is 75-85 kilograms, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1:0.2:0.85.
Second, to ensure that the organic fertilizer is sufficient
Organic manure (including farmyard manure, manure fertilizer, and cake manure) is most suitable for base fertilizer application, and more old manures with higher soil fertility should be given more organic manure as base fertilizer. To maintain soil fertility and organic matter in the shed without reducing or slightly increasing, organic fertilizer must be added to the greenhouse soil. According to the rule of soil organic matter change in greenhouses and the ratio of organic nitrogen to inorganic nitrogen at a ratio of 1:0.4 to 1, the maximum yield is to be calculated. To maintain greenhouse organic matter above 2% in order to ensure higher yield, it should be applied every year. Organic fertilizers with an organic content of 30% are not less than 2,000 kg/mu.
Third, determine the base fertilizer application method according to the weather and growth characteristics
When base fertilizer is applied, the bulk organic fertilizers such as rotten soil, manure and manure are mainly used, and the amount per acre is 6-8 cubic meters to increase the soil organic matter and carbon material, and at the same time, a small amount of high-quality bio-organic fertilizer (generally The amount of 100 ~ 150 kg) and slow-release potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 75 to 100 kg. Controlled-release fertilizers are used to regulate the release rate of nitrogen fertilizers in the base fertilizers to avoid the occurrence of high temperatures and prevent root diseases. After fruit set, the whole element fertilizer containing N, P and K must be applied with water.
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