Water turtles, also known as stone money, stone turtles, yellow throat turtles, are nourishing tonic. Due to the long growth cycle and the increase of artificial fishing, the natural resources are depleted and artificial breeding must be vigorously developed.
Artificial breeding of turtles aims to adopt appropriate technical measures to effectively increase the egg production, fertilization rate, hatching rate, and survival rate of juvenile turtles. With the greatest fertility of the turtle, it is possible to expand the production of turtles and meet market demand.
First, the turtle's biological learning Aquatic turtle adaptation to the natural world, the resistance to disease has a strong ability, is the longevity of amphibians. Aquatic turtles do not require strict food, eat meat and eat other foods; hi Jing afraid scared; 4 to 8 months each year for the breeding period, egg production, mating and fertilization that year, the next year of reproduction.
Second, the selection and cultivation of turtles selection of turtles is the basis for artificial breeding. Normally, the gonads mature when they are older than 4 years old and weigh more than 750 grams. Male water turtles generally have large female water turtles. The method of distinguishing female and male turtles is that the plastron flat is a female turtle and the middle gluteal depression is a male turtle. The suitable male to female ratio is 2 to 3:1. The probiotics selected for breeding must have no limbs, sensitive activities, uniform body shape, unbroken tail, and bright skin. After the turtle is selected, soak it in a turtle pool for 40 minutes with a 40 mg/elevated potassium manganate solution (in reddish color). The stocking density of turtles depends on their individual size. Generally, 5 turtles weighing 500 grams per square meter of water can be stocked. When cultivating turtles, it is necessary to feed fresh, palatable feeds on a regular basis, in a targeted and quantitative manner. The feed is mainly meat (such as chilled fish, small fish, shrimp, and animal organs), supplemented by other feeds.
The daily management of pro-turtle should master the water quality of turtle ponds to ensure that the water quality is fresh; timely remove the residue, wash the food table, and do a good job of preventing escape and disease prevention.
Third, the ancestors of the estrus, mating and spawning "Every spring" each year, when the temperature is above 20 °C from April to October, is the water turtle estrus, mating period. The estrus female turtle flexibly escapes the constant pursuit of the male turtle. The male turtle follows the female turtle or stops the female turtle from crawling; after the female turtle stops moving, the male turtle flies on its back and starts mating for about 10 seconds. Up to 10-20 minutes. Turtle spawning began in late April and stopped spawning at the end of August. June is the peak season for spawning. The spawning quantity showed a trend of “less-more-lessâ€, but the weather laid eggs after sunny or long-rained rain, and the spawning would stop or decrease in the event of wind, rain and rain. Female turtles can produce 1 to 3 eggs a year, ranging from 1 to 7 eggs each time. Egg weight is related to female body size and feed quality, and most of them are between 10 and 20 grams. Turtle eggs are oval in shape and gray in color. The female turtle will not protect the turtle eggs after spawning, and must be collected in time. After 2 to 3 days, the eggs can be distinguished for fertilization.
Fourth, artificial hatching
1. Differentiating fertilized eggs from unfertilized eggs: There are conspicuous milky whites among the high-quality fertilized eggs, and the egg shells are smooth; there are no milky white dots in the unfertilized eggs, or there are white spots, but they are not obvious and the color is dull. Box hatching.
2. Incubation of turtle eggs: Common methods include room temperature incubation and temperature control (wet) incubation. The latter uses a special incubator or general electrothermal temperature control equipment to control the appropriate temperature and maintain a certain humidity, which can shorten the incubation period of turtle eggs, but the high cost, in case of automatic control failure will lead to hatching failure, it is not appropriate to adopt this method to hatch, It is better to hatch at room temperature.
The size of the hatchery depends on the number of eggs to be hatched, generally about 20m2, requiring complete doors and windows, adequate lighting and ventilation; hatching boxes can be made of wood, or plastic boxes and foam boxes, incubating in large quantities At that time, several layers of hatching beds need to be built. The size of the incubator can be large or small. There are several small holes in the bottom of the tank to filter the water. At the time of hatching, use tiles to cover the small hole on the bottom of the box, then spread 3cm small gravel, and lay 10cm thick moist sand on the small stone (humidity is about 7%, that is, you can make it into a dough by hand, loose the hand and loose Open); Place the eggs horizontally on the sand (white dots up, 3 cm between eggs, 4 cm above the row), and finally place 10 cm thick moist sand on top of the turtle eggs and label The number of eggs, date of spawning, etc., are placed in the hatchery to hatch.
The focus of daily management is to maintain the humidity of the sand and the indoor temperature. The surface of the sand is sprayed once a day. The amount of water to be sprayed can not be too much, and the surface of the sand can be kept moist. During the incubation, rats, snakes, ants, etc. should be prevented from entering the room. Keeping the temperature between 25 and 32°C, hatch hatchlings hatched after 55 days.
Fifth, the incubation of hatchlings The turtles hatching from turtle eggs to wintering are called hatchlings. The hatchlings of water turtles weigh more than 6-12 grams. Juvenile turtles have delicate physiques and poor adaptability and must be carefully nurtured. After hatching, hatchlings should rest for 2 to 3 days before touching water. Soak them in a 40 mg/elevated solution of potassium manganate for 30 minutes before placing them in a holding vessel. Then use a small amount of egg yolk and pork liver to induce food. After raising for 1 week, they can be transferred to hatchling ponds for rearing. The stocking density should not exceed 100 per square meter of water. Feeds fed at this time can be converted into fresh fish or other animal feed. The amount of feed each day is about 10% of the weight of hatchlings, fed twice a day, once a day, and once every afternoon; Feed 1 time.
1. Daily management: The key point is to maintain good water quality, change pool water regularly, store more water in summer, and place green plants such as water lilies in the pool to block direct sunlight and improve water quality.
2. Disease prevention: Chicks and juvenile turtle ponds should be frequently sterilized. Antibiotics should be constantly mixed in the feed to prevent hatchlings from getting sick. The sick (injured) turtles should be promptly removed and treated in isolation.
3. Wintering of juvenile tortoises: it can naturally overwinter, but it grows slowly; it can also keep warm for overwintering, and can accelerate growth with good results.
Artificial breeding of turtles aims to adopt appropriate technical measures to effectively increase the egg production, fertilization rate, hatching rate, and survival rate of juvenile turtles. With the greatest fertility of the turtle, it is possible to expand the production of turtles and meet market demand.
First, the turtle's biological learning Aquatic turtle adaptation to the natural world, the resistance to disease has a strong ability, is the longevity of amphibians. Aquatic turtles do not require strict food, eat meat and eat other foods; hi Jing afraid scared; 4 to 8 months each year for the breeding period, egg production, mating and fertilization that year, the next year of reproduction.
Second, the selection and cultivation of turtles selection of turtles is the basis for artificial breeding. Normally, the gonads mature when they are older than 4 years old and weigh more than 750 grams. Male water turtles generally have large female water turtles. The method of distinguishing female and male turtles is that the plastron flat is a female turtle and the middle gluteal depression is a male turtle. The suitable male to female ratio is 2 to 3:1. The probiotics selected for breeding must have no limbs, sensitive activities, uniform body shape, unbroken tail, and bright skin. After the turtle is selected, soak it in a turtle pool for 40 minutes with a 40 mg/elevated potassium manganate solution (in reddish color). The stocking density of turtles depends on their individual size. Generally, 5 turtles weighing 500 grams per square meter of water can be stocked. When cultivating turtles, it is necessary to feed fresh, palatable feeds on a regular basis, in a targeted and quantitative manner. The feed is mainly meat (such as chilled fish, small fish, shrimp, and animal organs), supplemented by other feeds.
The daily management of pro-turtle should master the water quality of turtle ponds to ensure that the water quality is fresh; timely remove the residue, wash the food table, and do a good job of preventing escape and disease prevention.
Third, the ancestors of the estrus, mating and spawning "Every spring" each year, when the temperature is above 20 °C from April to October, is the water turtle estrus, mating period. The estrus female turtle flexibly escapes the constant pursuit of the male turtle. The male turtle follows the female turtle or stops the female turtle from crawling; after the female turtle stops moving, the male turtle flies on its back and starts mating for about 10 seconds. Up to 10-20 minutes. Turtle spawning began in late April and stopped spawning at the end of August. June is the peak season for spawning. The spawning quantity showed a trend of “less-more-lessâ€, but the weather laid eggs after sunny or long-rained rain, and the spawning would stop or decrease in the event of wind, rain and rain. Female turtles can produce 1 to 3 eggs a year, ranging from 1 to 7 eggs each time. Egg weight is related to female body size and feed quality, and most of them are between 10 and 20 grams. Turtle eggs are oval in shape and gray in color. The female turtle will not protect the turtle eggs after spawning, and must be collected in time. After 2 to 3 days, the eggs can be distinguished for fertilization.
Fourth, artificial hatching
1. Differentiating fertilized eggs from unfertilized eggs: There are conspicuous milky whites among the high-quality fertilized eggs, and the egg shells are smooth; there are no milky white dots in the unfertilized eggs, or there are white spots, but they are not obvious and the color is dull. Box hatching.
2. Incubation of turtle eggs: Common methods include room temperature incubation and temperature control (wet) incubation. The latter uses a special incubator or general electrothermal temperature control equipment to control the appropriate temperature and maintain a certain humidity, which can shorten the incubation period of turtle eggs, but the high cost, in case of automatic control failure will lead to hatching failure, it is not appropriate to adopt this method to hatch, It is better to hatch at room temperature.
The size of the hatchery depends on the number of eggs to be hatched, generally about 20m2, requiring complete doors and windows, adequate lighting and ventilation; hatching boxes can be made of wood, or plastic boxes and foam boxes, incubating in large quantities At that time, several layers of hatching beds need to be built. The size of the incubator can be large or small. There are several small holes in the bottom of the tank to filter the water. At the time of hatching, use tiles to cover the small hole on the bottom of the box, then spread 3cm small gravel, and lay 10cm thick moist sand on the small stone (humidity is about 7%, that is, you can make it into a dough by hand, loose the hand and loose Open); Place the eggs horizontally on the sand (white dots up, 3 cm between eggs, 4 cm above the row), and finally place 10 cm thick moist sand on top of the turtle eggs and label The number of eggs, date of spawning, etc., are placed in the hatchery to hatch.
The focus of daily management is to maintain the humidity of the sand and the indoor temperature. The surface of the sand is sprayed once a day. The amount of water to be sprayed can not be too much, and the surface of the sand can be kept moist. During the incubation, rats, snakes, ants, etc. should be prevented from entering the room. Keeping the temperature between 25 and 32°C, hatch hatchlings hatched after 55 days.
Fifth, the incubation of hatchlings The turtles hatching from turtle eggs to wintering are called hatchlings. The hatchlings of water turtles weigh more than 6-12 grams. Juvenile turtles have delicate physiques and poor adaptability and must be carefully nurtured. After hatching, hatchlings should rest for 2 to 3 days before touching water. Soak them in a 40 mg/elevated solution of potassium manganate for 30 minutes before placing them in a holding vessel. Then use a small amount of egg yolk and pork liver to induce food. After raising for 1 week, they can be transferred to hatchling ponds for rearing. The stocking density should not exceed 100 per square meter of water. Feeds fed at this time can be converted into fresh fish or other animal feed. The amount of feed each day is about 10% of the weight of hatchlings, fed twice a day, once a day, and once every afternoon; Feed 1 time.
1. Daily management: The key point is to maintain good water quality, change pool water regularly, store more water in summer, and place green plants such as water lilies in the pool to block direct sunlight and improve water quality.
2. Disease prevention: Chicks and juvenile turtle ponds should be frequently sterilized. Antibiotics should be constantly mixed in the feed to prevent hatchlings from getting sick. The sick (injured) turtles should be promptly removed and treated in isolation.
3. Wintering of juvenile tortoises: it can naturally overwinter, but it grows slowly; it can also keep warm for overwintering, and can accelerate growth with good results.