Bagging is one of the important management links in apple production. Bagging has a positive effect on improving fruit coloration, reducing pesticide pollution, reducing pests and diseases, preventing sunburn and bird damage, but bagging apples in recent years. The fruit tastes lighter, the taste is worse, and the phenomenon of good taste is getting worse and worse, which has seriously affected the quality of the fruit.
The reason why bagging apple flavor fades
1) Bagging cultivation leads to a decrease in the sweetness of apple fruit
When apples are bagged, the temperature of the fruit in the fruit bag is increased, the breathing intensity of the fruit is increased, the consumption of carbohydrates is increased, and the accumulation is reduced, which directly leads to a decrease in the sugar content of the fruit. Generally, after the red Fuji apple is not fully bagged, the mature Fuji apple is fully matured. The sugar content can reach 14.8%, and the sugar content of the bagged Fuji apples is 13%.
2) Bagging apples are prone to early harvesting
Apple early harvesting will result in lower sugar content. There are serious problems in the composition of apple varieties in China, the imbalance is obvious, the early maturity varieties are seriously insufficient, the middle-maturing varieties are short, and the late-maturing varieties are surplus. Such varieties constitute frequent occurrence of early harvesting in apple production. Bagging apples are easy to color and bright in color. In order to seize the market, many places prematurely remove the bags from late maturing varieties, artificially causing insufficient apple growth period, which is not conducive to material accumulation and sugar conversion, resulting in a lack of sugar content and unpleasant flavor.
3) Fertilization is not scientific
In apple production, organic fertilizer and potash fertilizer are the two types of fertilizers that have the most obvious influence on apple quality. The application rate of organic fertilizer and potash fertilizer directly determines the level of sugar content and the flavor of the fruit, while the production of organic fertilizer and potash fertilizer The application rate is the most short, often not enough supply, it is difficult to meet the production needs, the shortage of organic fertilizer and potassium fertilizer application will seriously affect the increase of soluble matter and sugar content in the fruit, and the degree of this influence and soil organic matter The content is positively correlated, that is, the lower the soil organic matter content, the more serious the effect on apple quality, and the lighter the fruit flavor, which has been verified in the apple cultivation area. Due to the current lack of organic fertilizer in apple production, the organic matter consumed in the soil is not replenished in time, and the soil organic matter content in the apple orchard is decreasing year by year. The direct result is that apples are becoming more and more unpalatable. Generally, the apple orchard is newly built. In the first few years of the results, the apple has a sweet flavor and a good taste. As the cultivation period is extended, the flavor will become lighter and thinner.
4) The orchard is closed and the light is insufficient
In the case of sufficient sunlight, photosynthesis is strong, apples have high sugar content, apple flavor is good, and in the case of insufficient light, photosynthesis is weak, apples have low sugar content, and apple flavor is light. At present, the phenomenon of canopy closure in apple orchards is very common. Especially in the apple orchards built in the 1980s, the planting density is generally too large. The number of plants planted in the acre is more than 56, and the number of acres is more than 100,000. Inter-row handover, the park is not airtight, the inside of the canopy and the lower part of the light are seriously insufficient, the quality of the apples is difficult to improve, and the apple flavor is generally poor.
Solution
1) Scientific fertilization provides material security for the increase of sugar content in fruits
Increase the application rate of organic fertilizer in production, supplement potassium fertilizer at appropriate time, comprehensively improve the application status, and improve the scientific level of fertilization. Especially the application of base fertilizer should adhere to the organic fertilizer-based fertilization direction to effectively supplement the soil organic matter content. The application of comprehensive measures based on the application of organic fertilizers will increase the soil organic matter content to more than 1%. This is the minimum requirement for improving the flavor of bagged apples. For this reason, the apple orchard that enters the fruiting period should be guaranteed every year. Acre of high-quality farmyard manure 4000 ~ 5000 kg, or commercial organic fertilizer 400 ~ 500 kg. Potassium fertilizer should be applied in the middle and late stages of the apple growth cycle. It is mainly based on June topdressing. It is applied to the soil and transformed into the fruit during the expansion period. Generally, for every 100 kilograms of apple produced, potassium oxide needs to be applied 1.2. About kilograms, the reasonable amount of application should be determined according to the level of production.
2) Fully optimize the lighting conditions to ensure that the tree is exposed to all directions and improve the quality of fruit.
At present, the overcapacity of apples in China is very obvious. The competition in the apple market is very fierce. In the production, we must strengthen the quality awareness, focus on solving the conditions of ventilation and light transmission in the orchard, and reduce the number of plants by thinning, lifting, heading, and branching. The number of plants is controlled at 28 to 33 plants, and the number of acres is controlled at 80,000. The light transmittance of the trees in the growing season is above 30%, ensuring that the branches are light and the fruits are sunny, so as to improve the content of the inner solubles and improve the quality of the fruits. .
3) Harvest at the right time
In the production of Red Fuji apples, we must resolutely resist the phenomenon of early mining. The bag removal time should be in the middle of October, especially the red and red Fuji. Because of the easy coloring, the bag can not be taken too early, and the fruit growth time is prolonged through proper harvesting. In order to effectively increase the accumulation of substances in the fruit and promote the conversion of carbohydrates, increase the accumulation of sugar in the fruit, and improve the flavor of the fruit.
4) Strengthen management after bag removal and improve fruit flavor
After the bag is removed, the light condition and the fruit flavor should be promoted by means of improving the light condition. Specifically, in the production, the bag can be combined with the bag, and the leaf of the fruit and the leaf of the adjacent fruit can be removed to promote the coloring of the apple; In addition to the erect branches and dense branches in the canopy, to improve the light conditions; after the bag is removed, a reflective film with a width of 1 to 1.5 meters is spread on both sides of the canopy projection to improve the utilization of the reflected light and improve the light by improving the light. The content of sugar in the fruit improves the flavor of the fruit.
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