The task of pruning in the first stage of greenhouse cherry is to complete the canopy shaping; continue to enlarge the canopy, increase the result area, cultivate the robust result branch group; balance the growth of the backbone branch, and lay the foundation for the transition to the fruiting period.
First, the first result tree of the canopy shaping cherry, due to the low quality of the seedlings or planting, the slow seedling period is prolonged, the saplings are not growing vigorously, the number of natural branches and the number of improved main trunks are insufficient, and the main branches are to be continued on the pruning. The branch extension branch or the medium-dry extension branch is moderately short-cut, and the lateral bud or the leaf plexus branch of the appropriate site is selected to promote the sprouting to cultivate new lateral branches or main branches. For a tree with a tree that grows to a sufficient height and the lower main branch or side branch has become moderate, you can fall on the top of a main branch (improved trunk shape) or a top lateral branch (natural happy shape). For backbone branches with small or too large angles, it is still necessary to adjust the tension. For large branches that are improperly selected during the period of plastic surgery, too much and too dense, and large branches on the back of the backbone, it is necessary to promptly remove them.
Second, increase the results of the site for most cherry gardens, the trees entering the initial fruit period, the general trend is still generally prosperous, the growth of new shoots is large, when the canopy coverage rate has not reached 75%, still need to actively extend the backbone branches, expand The crown of the tree, occupying the space, increasing the result area and stabilizing the tree.
Third, the results of the results of the branch group of sweet cherry branches can be divided into two types, namely the extended branch group (whipping rod group) and branching branch group.
1. Extended branch group. The extended branch group has an extended central axis on the branch group, and its length is 50-100 cm or more. There are few large branches on the central axis, and the perennial bouquet-like fruit branches and short fruit branches are dominant, and the branch distribution density is large. This type of branch group is composed of developmental branches with different strengths and weaknesses, which are suitable for slow-release or light-short culture. The anterior strong branch is controlled or thinned by strong topping, so that most of the short branches in the middle and lower parts form bouquet-shaped fruit branches and short fruit branches in the second year of slow release, and the third year flowers. In order to make a large number of perennial bouquet-like fruit branches and short fruit branches grow strong, fruit set is good, and the result is long, the key is to reduce the number of branches at the apex of the branch shaft and to alleviate the growth. This requires attention to the opening angle and increase the light transmittance at the beginning of the cultivation. Naun, Zhifuhong, Hongfeng and other varieties are most suitable for cultivating this type of branch group.
2. Branched branch group. The branching branch group is a group with more branches and larger branches on the branch axis. Compared with the extended branch group, the branch axis is generally shorter and the branching order is more. Most of these branches are short-cut first, and then cut, placed, and sparse. During saplings, it is mainly cultivated by means of topping or twisting to accelerate the formation and reduce the amount of pruning during the dormant period. A few branch groups were cultured from the weakened uniaxially extended branch group by heavy retraction. In this type of branch group, in addition to the bouquet-like fruit branches and short fruit branches, the medium and long fruit branches and even the mixed branches also have a certain proportion. Therefore, the renewal ability of the branch group itself is strong. Large purple and other varieties are suitable for cultivating a part of this type of branch group.
Fourth, balance the growth between the branches of the cherries in the sapling period and the initial results should balance the growth between the backbone branches, so that the growth of the middle stem is stronger than the main branches, the main branches are stronger than the side branches, the lower main branches or side branches are strong In the upper main branches or side branches, the main and lateral branches of the same level grow substantially the same. For various reasons, the phenomenon of unbalanced tree growth during cherry saplings is not uncommon. For example, at the beginning, the main branch with the same length of the middle extension branch was used to cultivate the main branch. In the same year, the number of main branches was too much, and in the autumn, there was no timely opening angle, which made it easy for the main branch to be strong and weak. Phenomenon; using the competitive branch to cultivate the main branch, it is prone to double dry phenomenon, and it is easy to cause imbalance between the main branches of the same level; the trimming period is too early, the cut is too close to the bud, then the cut bud is issued. Branches, which tend to grow badly, also affect the selection of the extension branches of the backbone branches. The principle of balancing the growth of the backbone branches of cherry trees is to suppress the weak and weak, actively adopt the gentle pruning, appropriately increase the angle, discretion and reduce the number of long branches. The use of buds and ring cuts promotes the flowering, early results, and fruit pressure. Take the auxiliary pruning of the weak branches, do not make the opening angle too large, leave more branches as appropriate, increase the long branches, reduce the proportion of medium and short cuts, cause less wounds on the branches, less fruit or even no fruit.
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