Chinese scholars first reveal the mechanism of cell carcinogenesis and inhibition of cancer
April 28, 2016 Source: admin01
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Prof. Lanfei from the Institute of Biomedical Sciences (IBS) of Fudan University, together with Prof. Shi Yang, Professor Shi Yujiang, has made great discoveries at the forefront of international biological research. It was published in one of the world's most prestigious academic journals published on the same day— —Cell magazine.
This study revealed that in cancer cells, the loss of control of the enhancer in chromatin over-enhanced the activity of nearby oncogenes, leading to abnormal cells and even cancer. The study also found that the protein RACK7 and demethylase KDM5C present in this region can limit such enhancer activity, keep gene expression in the normal range, and thus inhibit cancer.
The research team told reporters that its research found that genetic mutations are not the only cause of changes in biological traits. Factors other than DNA can regulate genetic traits. Such basic views of epigenetics have broken through the limitations of Darwin's theory in some respects.
It is reported that more than half a century ago, scientists discovered that DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the basis of the main genetic material in cells. During the long evolutionary process, DNA sequences are slowly mutated to adapt to environmental changes. According to Darwin's theory, the international academic community has always believed that changes in the traits of organisms are caused by genetic mutations and natural selection, and such changes are dramatic and irreversible.
The research team found that, in fact, the speed of adaptation of the organism to the external environment is much higher than the rate of mutation of the gene, that is, the rate of change of many biological phenomena is much higher than the frequency of DNA changes, and the DNA sequence itself cannot fully cope with the external environment. Variety. At the same time, as a carrier of genetic material, there is another substance, histone, which, while stabilizing the genome, regulates the expression of the gene and regulates the external traits of the organism.
According to the school, in addition to showing that “gene mutations are not the only cause of changes in the traits of organismsâ€, this innovative finding is like finding a regulatory “switch†for histoxin activity on histones: RACK7 and KDM5C regulate histone methylation And enhancer activity, can inhibit cell cancer. It is reported that although histone modification was discovered in the 1960s, it has not attracted enough attention from the academic community.
The research team said in an interview that the discovery not only revealed the new rules of epigenetic modification for self-regulation of genomic information, but also proposed the theory of "enhancer over-activation state", and more importantly its potential medical value. . Because of the RACK7 and KDM5C mutations in many cancer cases, the enhancer activity cannot be restricted, and the gene that should remain low activity is abnormally activated. Nowadays, this mechanism has been revealed, which not only provides a new theoretical explanation for the occurrence of cancer, but also provides new drug targets and treatment ideas for personalized treatment of cancer. It is reported that since it is easier to change the enhancer activity than to change the gene sequence, it has great application prospects.
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