Pleurotus eryngii is also known as snow fleece. Is a high-quality large-scale meat agarics, Pleurotus eryngii with Miaorou hypertrophy, crisp texture, delicious taste, called "the king of mushroom." It is rich in nutrients, high in oligosaccharides, and has the effect of an intestine beauty. Can be suitable for fresh or dried, much favored by consumers, the market prospects are good, now its biological characteristics and cultivation techniques are introduced below.
First, biological characteristics:
1. Temperature: Temperature is the key to determine the success or failure of Pleurotus eryngii cultivation and the level of yield. The optimum temperature for hypha growth was 23-25 ​​°C. The optimum temperature for fruit body growth was 12-18 °C. Below 8 °C, no primordium was found. Above 20 °C, malformation mushrooms were prone to occur.
2. Humidity: The moisture content of the mycelial growth medium is 60%-65%, the relative humidity of the fruiting body formation phase is 90%-95%, and the growth phase requires 85%-90%.
3. Nutrition: Pleurotus eryngii has a strong ability to decompose lignin and cellulose, and it needs rich nutrition. In particular, the nitrogen source should be sufficient, mycelium growth can be vigorous, and the yield is high.
4. Air: The oxygen demand during the growth phase of mycelia is relatively low. Low concentration of carbon dioxide can promote the growth of mycelia. The growth stage of fruiting bodies needs sufficient oxygen, and the concentration of carbon dioxide should be less than 0.02%.
5. Light: No light is needed during the growth phase of the mycelium, and mycelial growth will be accelerated in the dark environment. The growth of the primordial and fruiting bodies will require some scattered light, and the appropriate light intensity is 500-100 lx.
6. pH value: The optimum pH value for the mycelium growth stage is 6.5-7.5, and the optimum pH value for the mushrooming stage is 5.5-6.5.
Second, cultivation techniques:
1. Cultivation season: Pleurotus eryngii is a cold-type strain, which can be cultivated in the spring and autumn.
2. Strain production: The mother plant adopts PDA medium. Adding peptone can promote mycelial growth. The original species can be wheat, wood bran culture medium, the general species cultured at 25 °C, 20-30 days can fill the bottle.
3. Raw materials and formula: There are many raw materials suitable for the growth of Pleurotus eryngii. Such as: mixed wood chips, cotton shells, straw, wheat straw, soybean straw, corn cobs, etc. can be used as cultivation materials. Cultivation materials formula: wood chips 34%, corn cob 20%, bean straw 20%, bran 20%, corn noodles 3%, sugar, calcium carbonate, gypsum each 1%, water content 60% -65%.
4. Bag culture: use 17cm33cm low-pressure polyethylene plastic bags, each bag material dry weight 500g, wet weight 1000g, loading elastic moderate, atmospheric pressure sterilization at 100 °C for 8-10h, after cooling by sterile operation inoculation. After inoculation, shading culture was performed at 23-25°C. Usually 30-40 days full bag.
5. Mushroom management: after the bag full of mycelium, the immature bag into the mushroom house or greenhouse, the mushrooming place should be carefully disinfected and sterilized, the bacteria bag upright discharge, can also be stacked wall. Before the fruiting process, the buds should be treated to strengthen the ventilation to increase the temperature and humidity difference, stimulate the formation of the primordium, and the mycelium should be kinked to form the primordium and the buds should be opened when the buds are opened. The bags should be opened and the film should be turned outwards. It is advisable to fold 2cm into the material surface. Mushroom mushroom shed temperature should be controlled at 13-18 °C, air relative humidity is maintained at 85% -90%, do not spray water on the mushroom body, otherwise the fruiting body will turn yellow to affect the quality.
6. Harvesting and processing: Generally, it can be harvested about 15 days after budding, and it will be flattened when the fungus cover is about to grow. When the spores have not been ejected, it is the harvesting period. The harvesting standard is determined according to needs; the export mushroom requires a 4-6cm diameter cap and a 6-8cm shank length. The first tidal mushroom harvested about 15 days, but also can pick the second tidal mushroom. Products can be sold fresh, resistant to storage, can also be dried or canned.