In early spring, the bitter gourd generally grows in mid-January and is now introduced to everyone.
First, use fine varieties
Selection of cold-resistant, sitting on low melon section, the main vine melon-based varieties, such as: Xia Feng, Hanzhong Changbai, Shidu are 4, Yunnan Dabai bitter gourd and so on. These varieties are straight, long melon, disease resistance and adaptability are relatively strong.
Second, nurture strong seedlings
In mid-January in the greenhouse in the electric hotbed nursery, nutrition 钵 钵 root protection. The bitter gourd seeds have a thick shell and a hard texture. They are soaked with warm water of 55°C-60°C before sowing. They are kept stirring. When the water temperature drops to 30°C, stirring is stopped, soaking for 10-12 hours and then placing at 30°C-35 In the environment of °C, germination was performed, rinsed with warm water once a day, and the germination was continued after the water was controlled. Generally, budding occurred in about 3 days. Because bitter gourd seed coat is thick, germination is not neat. The first germinating seeds should be singled out in batches, and the buds should be wrapped in a wet towel and kept at a low temperature (not less than 12°C) until most seeds are sown. 200 grams per mu of shed need to be planted.
Third, deep land
The bitter gourd has a well-developed root system, and the main root can be up to 3 meters deep. Therefore, it is necessary to deep-deep the soil more than 40 cm. In combination with the ground, each mus of a fully cooked manure 5000 kg, 50 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, 150-200 kg of soybean cake, to meet the whole growing period of bitter gourd nutrient demand. After deep plowing, the ground is leveled and the water is irrigated. Two months before planting, the plants were covered and old plastic films were placed on the ground to sterilize greenhouses for 10-15 days under high temperature to kill some of the pathogens in the soil and prevent some diseases of bitter gourd from growing.
Fourth, timely planting
When there are 4-5 leaves in the middle or late February, they are planted on a 1.2-meter-wide sorghum planted in Liangou, planted one row with 0.5-meter spacing, and cultivated approximately 1,100 plants per mu.
V. Post-planting management
1 greenhouse temperature control humidity. After the planting, the seedlings were kept in the greenhouse and the temperature was reduced and the seedlings were eased. The antifreeze should be warmed before the end of March and be properly ventilated during the day. Before the end of April, pay attention to insulation at night and pay attention to ventilation and humidity during the day. After May, ventilation and cooling were the main factors. Ventilation began when the temperature reached 30°C in the afternoon and stopped when the temperature in the afternoon shed fell to 25°C. In June, the greenhouse undercover membrane was removed and the roof membrane was kept rainproof.
2. Fertilizer management. Bitter gourd is hi and wet, and it has high yield and good quality under sufficient conditions of water and fertilizer. On the basis of applying basic fertilizer, it is necessary to strengthen fertilizer and water management.
Although the bitter gourd is resistant to fertilizer, the seedling stage has weak fertility. If the fertilizer is thicker, it will burn the seedlings. Therefore, the top dressing must be light and heavy. After transplanting, 10% diluted manure water can be used during the seedling stage, and 1-2 times heavy fertilizer is applied during the vigorous growing period and flowering period of the stems and leaves, each time 25-30 kg of compound fertilizer is applied per acre. One time, topdressing once with a mixture of 0.2% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The principle of water management is: After the seedlings grow slowly, they can properly control the moisture and keep the soil moist. In the rainy season, drainage should be cleared in time.
3. Pruning. The bitter gourd has strong branching, and the cultivation density of the greenhouse is large, and it is easier to produce vine leaves too dense, poor ventilation and light transmission, air consumption of nutrients, affecting the yield and the commercial nature. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the pruning and cultivate it with a stand. When using vines and tendrils, take the trusses or arches and trapezoidal frames in time to introduce vines to the shelves. The bitter gourd is dominated by the main vine, and the side vines are removed. Under the condition of sufficient fertilizer and water, several side vines can also be left in the later period to increase the later yield. At the same time, old leaves and diseased leaves should be removed at any time in the middle and late stages of production to facilitate ventilation.
4. Artificially assisted pollination. Due to the low temperature of early ripening of bitter gourd, open sheds, low air flow in sheds, and low insect pollination, natural pollination is difficult, so artificial pollination and application of 20-40 mg/l 2,4-D for female pedicels or young flowers Melon, in order to increase the fruit-bearing rate of bitter gourd, reduce the melon, promote melon expansion, increase production.
VI. Pest Control
Diseases of bitter gourd mainly include virus disease, powdery mildew, gray mold and downy mildew. The main insect pests are Liriomyza sativae and whitefly. Prevention and control of pests and diseases should adhere to the principle of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control". In addition to intensifying cultivation management and reducing the humidity in the greenhouse, the following agents can be used to prevent and control: 20% virus A can be used as a virus WP 500-700 times spray; powdery mildew can be sprayed with 40% DuPont Fuxing emulsion 8000-10000 times; Gray mold can be sprayed with 50% acetaminophen wettable powder or 50% fasting wettable powder 1000 times liquid; downy mildew can be sprayed with 72% gel wettable powder 600 times spray.
Seven, timely harvest
The bitter gourd is eaten with tender guava and it is harvested in 12-15 days after flowering. Generally, the fruits are fully grown and the corolla is dry and dry. The early-stage cultivation of greenhouses began to be on the market in mid-to-late April. The yield per mu was 4,500 kilograms and the benefits were good.
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