In simple terms, grafting of vegetables means that the rootstock is connected to the scion, and its significance is mainly reflected in disease resistance (blight, verticillium wilt, root rot, etc.), resistance (flood, drought, cold, heat, etc.), and increased yield (due to the root system of the rootstock Developed, growing strong) and so on. However, in recent years, many vegetable farmers have issued such questions: Why do my vegetables still die and die when they are grafted? Instead of doing so, it would be better to save on the cost of grafting and more than two doses of medicine.
Why do vegetables still die or die after grafting? Here, we will make some analysis and summary, so that farmers can understand the "cause" of dead trees after grafting and prevent them early.
Reason one:
Poor rootstock resistance
The use of rootstocks for resistance against dead trees is one of the purposes of vegetable grafting cultivation. If it is not resistant, it will lose the significance of grafting. For example, a vegetable farmer adopts blackgrass pumpkin for grafting cucumber. Although the rootstock has high resistance to cucumber withered and verticillium wilt, it is poorly resistant to Phytophthora root rot so that the vegetable farmer feels that the cucumber is grafted, but dead trees still occur. Therefore, it is recommended that the majority of vegetable farmers should select excellent resistant rootstocks based on specific soil conditions and cultivation conditions.
Reason two: Ineffective grafting measures
Practice has proved that the affinity, quality, seedling age, grafting technology, environmental conditions, and post-grafting management of rootstock and scion are all important factors affecting the survival of grafting. In production, there are often dead or dead trees caused by inefficient grafting.
When the rootstock age is too large, the hollow leads to many rootstock farmers in the grafting, due to the rootstock seedling age is too large, the stem begins to appear hollow, so that the grafted cucumber scion can not be combined with the pumpkin rootstock, but in the pumpkin's internal formation The adventitious roots resulted in insufficient supply of water and fertilizer and dead seedlings.
It is suggested that the seedling age of the pumpkin rootstock should not be too large when grafted, as long as the true root length of the pumpkin rootstock grows to a dollar coin size. Do not insert the bamboo stick into the rootstock when grafting. This is because the hollow stems of the rootstock are prone to hollow, making the adventitious roots grow from the scion, which may lead to graft failure. When planters are grafting, bamboo sticks should be slanted diagonally at the two cotyledons of the pumpkin rootstock and then grafted so that the combination of the scion and the rootstock is high and the survival rate is high.
Rubber pipe fixed interface Under normal circumstances, eggplant grafting method is more often used, but some farmers do not use grafting clips, but the use of rubber pipe to fix, resulting in easy to marry the interface Department of water, epidermis infections and the emergence of dead trees.
Farmers use rubber hoses for grafting because of their strong moisturizing properties and early healing of scions and rootstocks. However, it should be removed in time after planting, because after the grafting survives, the humidity inside the rubber tube is still relatively large, and the water is easy to accumulate, which leads to infection of the grafting interface and death. Therefore, the use of rubber hose for grafting, must be removed in a timely manner after grafting rubber hose.
Reason 3: Ignoring the Protection of the Marriage Interface
After the vegetable is planted, the vegetable farmer often ignores the management of the marrying interface, resulting in the invasion of the pathogen from the grafting interface, causing serious losses. Therefore, after planting vegetables, we must pay attention to protect the grafting interface.
First, when vegetables are planted, they must be handled gently to avoid cracking the graft. For the sake of safety, the grafting clips can be removed after the vegetable has been transplanted to protect the grafting interface.
Second, when vegetables are planted, take care not to let the soil bury the joints. When planting vegetables, the grafting interface should be a few centimeters above the ground. After the soil is buried in the grafted interface, it is easy to be infected with soil-borne diseases; second, it is easy to produce adventitious roots on the scion and affect the grafting effect. Some vegetable farmers insert a thin wooden stick on the side of each cucumber seedling, then the cucumber seedling rests on the wooden stick so that the scion will not come into contact with the ground, thus well preventing the death of the scion touching the roots. Tree problem.
The third is to graft the interface should pay attention to coating protection. Under normal circumstances, the marrying interface is not susceptible to diseases, but when the humidity is high and the interface has mud, it will be infected by fungi or bacteria. Can use chlorothalonil 800 times or thiophanate-methyl 1000 times plus flour into batter, apply to the marry around the interface, there is a good preventive effect.
The fourth reason is that it is related to the root cause
The dead trees of vegetables are related to the cause of wounds. There are many factors that cause root diseases in vegetables, such as roots, burning roots, weight disturbances, salt damage, gas damage, and pathogenic bacteria. In recent years, the damage caused by the damage and disease caused by grafted vegetables is more common, and grafting of dead eggplant is a typical example.
First, smoked seedlings cause dead vegetables. Grafting eggplants are mostly planted on a large scale and have a long growth cycle. Therefore, applying sufficient base fertilizer is an important magic weapon for vegetable growers to seize eggplants with high yield and high efficiency. About 30 mu of chicken manure is often used in 1 mu of greenhouses. A large amount of chicken manure was directly applied to greenhouses without adequate decomposing, and seeds that had been planted dangerously for the occurrence of gas damage, coupled with improper operation and management after planting, made the occurrence of gas damage inevitable. Especially in the case of poor ventilation after flooding, the chicken manure rapidly ferments in the soil and produces a large amount of harmful gases, especially ammonia, burned leaves, and root growth points, causing the death of transplanted seedlings.
Second, the disease can cause vegetables to die. The dead trees caused by the disease are mostly caused by the necrosis of the stem base of the rootstock. The presence of a large number of pathogenic bacteria in the greenhouse, coupled with a high temperature and high humidity environment after grafting of eggplant, creates favorable conditions for bacterial soft rot, phytophthora root rot and stem rot.
Typical symptoms of bacterial soft rot are epidermis rot, bacterial pus overflow, and accompanied by stench odor; the typical symptoms of Phytophthora root rot are the stalks in the early stages of the disease that are hot, like rot, black, and contracted. Dead seedlings; typical symptoms of basal rot are dark brown spots with depressions on the side of the base of the stem at the onset of the disease. As the disease develops, the lesions are lumped together to form a fusiform or stripe-shaped lesion. One week later, the stems were dead.
Bacterial soft rot can be sprayed with 50% DT500 times and rooted for control; Phytophthora root rot can be sprayed and rooted with 72.2% Prec 600x or Ank 1000x etc; stem rot The disease can be controlled by spraying 20% ​​methyl-toxins 1000 times liquid and irrigating the roots.
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