Cultivation Techniques of Coprinus comatus in North China

First, the formulation of culture materials and the base material treatment 1. Formulation of the culture formula Formula I: cottonseed skin 100 kg, urea 0.5 kg, phosphate 2 kg, lime 2 to 3 kg, water 150 to 160 kg. Formulation II: 100 kg of wheat straw (3 to 5 cm in length), 10 kg of wheat bran, 10 kg of cow dung, 2 kg of urea, 1.5 kg of gypsum, 2 kg of lime, and a feed water ratio of 1:1.3 to 1.4. 2. Build heap fermentation Weigh the above-mentioned main auxiliary materials, dissolve the auxiliary materials in water, pour into the main material and mix well, build a stack of 0.8-1m high, 1m wide, and unlimited length, and apply ventilation holes to facilitate aerobics. Fermentation. When the material temperature rises to 55-60°C, turn it on after 24 hours. This is repeated 2 to 4 times and the fermentation is completed after 5 to 10 days. Every time the pile is turned, it should be phased inside and outside, transposed up and down, and add water in time according to the water loss of the base material. Because of the high temperature during the autumn cultivation, pests can be easily bred. Spraying 0.1% to 0.2% of phoxim in the seasoning can prevent pests from spawning. After the end of the fermentation, the temperature of the material is cooled, and the seed can be sown when the temperature drops below 28°C. 3. Sowing time The northern region can use the natural temperature to produce 2 times a year. The first batch is fed in February and the mushroom is produced in March-June. The second batch is fed in August and the mushroom is produced at the end of September and ends in December. If it is in a greenhouse, except for July-September, production can be arranged in other months. Second, cultivation and management Coprinus comatus cultivation methods have live-style cultivation and bag-style cultivation. The bag-growing cultivation method is the same as that of the oyster mushroom. The difference is that after the coprinus comatus is filled with the bacterium bag, it is necessary to take out the bags and cover the soil to carry out the mushroom management. The live-breeding cultivation method is to dig 20 cm in depth and 80 to 100 cm in width in a mushroom shed, irrigate water and sprinkle with white ash for disinfection. For a 40 cm work road, lay a layer of plastic film on the bottom of the floor and sow the seeds. Using the layering method, that is, 3 layers of 3 layers of bacteria, the upper and lower 2 layers of material thickness of 5 cm, the intermediate material layer thickness of 10 cm. The first layer of culture materials is first spread, the first layer of bacteria is sown after being slightly compacted, and then one layer of material is used for one layer of bacteria. The amount of strains on the top surface of the sealing material accounts for 40% of the total amount of bacteria, and the following two layers The strains accounted for 30% of the total strains. After sowing the seed, flatten it with a sterilized wooden board, and then use a wooden rod with a diameter of 1 cm to make a hole. The hole distance is 15 cm. Then cover a layer of newspaper or film and insert the thermometer into the material to observe the temperature of the material. From the 4th day after inoculation, the membrane was ventilated once a day for 1 hour each time to eliminate the exhaust gas. During the cultivation, the temperature of the material is controlled below 30°C. After 20 to 30 days of cultivation, the hyphae can be thoroughly immersed in the culture material. The use of glutinous live broadcast, the amount of feed per square meter in the 22.5 ~ 27.5 kg, strains of dry material amount of about 20% is appropriate. The cover soil material is suitable for garden soil. Take garden soil less than 10 cm above the ground surface and break it. After sun exposure, add 8% of the plant ash and 1% to 2% of quick lime. Mix it evenly. Spray 5% formaldehyde and 4% of dichlorvos. Cover with plastic film for 8 hours. After the medicinal smell is dispersed, it can be put into the shed. The thickness of the cover soil is 3 to 4 cm, and the soil is covered and covered. Adjust soil moisture content after the cover soil is about 20%. Cover the membrane and let the mycelium pass through the soil for 10 to 15 days. At this time, remove the membrane and you can routinely manage it. The mushrooming stage requires frequent ventilation and ventilation to keep the air fresh; it often sprays water in the aisles and spaces, so that the relative humidity of the air is kept at 85%-95%. After the fruiting body grows out of the ground, spray big water once. When the fruiting body grows up to 7 minutes, it is not soft when the hand-capped mushroom cover is covered, and the smooth and white part of the mushroom cover can be harvested without phosphorus reversal. After picking the mushrooms, the sorghum noodles should be finished in time and the pits should be filled with soil. When the second tidal mushroom is harvested, nutrient solution should be replenished promptly due to more nutrient consumption.

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