1. Species of Chinese herbal invasive pathogens include fungi, bacteria, viruses, mycoplasma, parasitic nematodes, and parasitic seed plants. Chinese herbal medicine is infected by these pathogens and it is called an infective disease. Under appropriate conditions, it can spread and spread in Chinese herbal plants and groups. The vast majority of Chinese herbal medicine diseases are caused by pathogenic fungi. (1) Pathogenic fungal fungi are taxonomically affiliated with the fungi kingdom. There are five sub-doors under the fungus. 1 Masdgomycotina vegetative single cells or non-isolating filaments. One of the spores or gametes can be moved. The subphylum is divided into 4 classes: Plasmodiophora, Chytridiomycetes, Streptomyces, and Oomycetes (Qomycetes). Among them, Oomycetes has the greatest relationship with Chinese herbal medicine diseases. There are many important pathogenic fungi of Chinese herbs in this class. In particular, some of the pathogenic fungi in the order Perilla seedlings often cause defoliation or epidemics such as ginseng, Panax notoginseng, belladonna, and other Chinese herbal medicines, downy mildew of Yuanhu, rhubarb, and angelica. 2 Zygomycotina Zygomycotina Nutrients are mycelium, most of which have no membrane. Sexual reproduction forms spores. The sub-division is divided into the bacterium class and Trichophyton. The Mucorales fungi in the combined strains often cause decay of Chinese herbal medicines during storage. 3 Ascomycotina vegetative bodies are mostly isolated mycelia and a few are unit cells. Sexual reproduction forms ascospores. The sub-gate is divided into 6 classes. Among them, there are many Chinese herbal pathogenic fungi in the whole cystomycete class, the nuclear gangue class, and the sclerotinia class. For example, Aspergillus and Penicillium in the genus Notoginseng caused damage to the Chinese herbal medicines during storage, and most of the powdery fungal pathogens can cause powdery mildew in various Chinese herbs. The genus Sclerotinia in the genus Sclerotinia caused sclerotinia, ginseng, and other sclerotinia. 4Basidiomycotina vegetative bodies are septate mycelium, and sexual reproduction forms basidiospores. The subphylum is classified as a cyperomycete, a laminomycete, and a genus of genus. Among them, there are a lot of herbal pathogenic fungi in the blackfungi and rust heads of the cystomycetes. Many kinds of Chinese herbal medicine diseases, such as smut, safflower rust, are caused by such fungi. 5 Deuteromycotina The vegetative body is a sterilized mycelium or a single cell with no sexual stage. At present, the classifications under the sub-district are not the same. We do not go into details here. This type of fungus is an important pathogenic fungus of Chinese herbs. For example, Phoma, Phyllosticta, and Septoria, which cause a variety of Chinese herbal leaf spot diseases, cause a variety of powdery mildew, Oidium, causing gray mold. Botrytis, a genus of Fusarium that causes various root rots of Chinese herbs, Rhizoctoria that causes seedling blight, and the like. (2) The pathogenic bacteria mainly include gram-negative bacteria, gram-positive bacteria and actinomycetes. There are fewer kinds of bacterial diseases in Chinese herbal medicine. Severely damaged ginseng bacterial root disease and Fritillaria soft decay, they are caused by the genus Erwinia (Erwinia). (3) Plant pathogenic virus Plant pathogenic virus There is currently no complete classification system. For the time being, some viruses are divided into several groups, such as tobacco mosaic virus, potato x virus, cucumber mosaic virus, phthalocyanine yellow mosaic virus, and tomato bushy stunt virus. Chinese herbal medicine virus disease is very common, but the identification work is still not done much. He reported that Datura stramonium and Octopus lotus leaf disease were caused by the tobacco mosaic virus. Atractylodes macrocephala, Campanulaceae, lily, dandelion and other infections of cucumber mosaic virus. (4) The traditional method for classifying plant parasitic nematodes is the inclusion of nematodes in the nematode class of the Nematode. The important pathogenic nematodes that cause damage to Chinese herbs are the genus Meloidicne, and more than 50 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines such as ginseng, Chuanxiong and Luohanguo are harmed by root-knot nematodes. Scallop roots form root knots, affecting yield and quality. In addition there are Heterodern genus (Heterodern), such as H. capsularis. (5) Parasitic seed plants These seed plants cannot produce nutrients themselves and must be parasitic on other plants, thus causing damage to the host plants. The parasitic seed plants that harm Chinese herbal medicines mainly include dodder (damage chrysanthemum, salvia miltiorrhiza, atractylodes, etc.), followed by tangdang (damage lianlian), mulberry parasitic, and mistletoe (damage woody herbs). 2. Characteristics of the occurrence of Chinese herbal medicine diseases (1) The serious illness of Chinese herbal medicines is due to the historical reasons, so that certain medicinal materials are considered to be the best production areas. Some medicine produced in these areas is the stomach of "authentic herbs." Such as Northeast ginseng, Yunnan Sanqi, Ningxia wolfberry, Henan Dihuang, Zhejiang Hangju, Sichuan Chuanxiong, Gansu Angelica and so on. These authentic herbs have long-term growth in specific areas. The pathogens are accumulated year by year, causing severe disease and difficult to control. If the northeastern ginseng rust is very serious, resulting in the old ginseng land can not be reused, only the destruction of forest planting, has become a major problem. (2) The medical parts of the Chinese herbal medicine with serious diseases in the underground part of the Chinese herbal medicine are many underground parts such as roots, roots and bulbs. These underground parts are very vulnerable to soil-borne pathogenic fungi, bacteria, or nematodes, causing a variety of root diseases. Such as ginseng rust, Atractylodes root rot, aconite acanthosis, yellow worm disease, Zhebei soft rot disease. The occurrence of such diseases is severe and difficult to control, and it must be prevented by a combination of preventive measures. (3) The vegetative propagation material is an important primary infestation source of Chinese herbal medicine diseases. Many Chinese herbal medicines are propagated using vegetative propagation materials such as roots, rhizomes, bulbs, bulbs, or shoots. These vegetative propagation materials are often infested by diseases and become the primary source of disease for contemporary plants. Therefore, the establishment of disease-free seedlings in production, selection of disease-free seedlings for proper seedling treatment, and inter-regional seedling quarantine are very important preventive measures.
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