Varieties of greenhouses for wintering and eggplant cultivation in solar greenhouses should be selected to be more tolerant to cold, light tolerant to light, disease-resistant and high-yield, and have good fruit quality (fruit shape and color in line with market demand) and good food quality (especially less seeds and less mature). Variety. At present, the varieties suitable for overwintering cultivation in solar greenhouses are mainly selected green eggplant, 94-1, Giganea 1, Zhazachangqie 1, and black long eggplant. Seedlings and seeding period suitable sowing date for the middle and late July. Second, soaking seed germination in the container with 70 °C ~ 80 °C hot water soak the seeds, the seeds into hot water and continue to stir until the water temperature dropped to 30 °C, standing still soak 10 to 12 hours. In the soaking process, the seeds are washed and replaced with water, and the mucus is removed to accelerate the water absorption, which is conducive to neat budding. Wash the mucus on the seeds with clean water. Remove the seed from the water and let it dry for 10-20 minutes so that the water on the surface of the seed is lost. Then, clean it with a clean damp cloth and germinate at 27-30°C. During germination, it can be washed with warm water of about 30°C for 1 or 2 times, and the germination can be continued after slightly drying. If the 16-hour 30°C and 8 hours 20°C temperature change germination is used, the uniformity is significantly improved. Third, sowing 60% of the seeds can be sown. After the seedbed is poured into the bottom water, the seedlings shall be sown uniformly, 2 to 3 grams per square meter of sowing seeds, and 1 to 1.5 centimeters of fine earth shall be covered after sowing, covering the film. Four, sub-miao 3 true leaves sub-seedlings. Although the absorption ability of eggplant roots is strong, the corkification is more serious than tomatoes and peppers, and the ability to make new roots after injury is weak, and the number of seedlings should be reduced as much as possible. The seedlings can be divided into nutrient bowls, with the nutrition bowl having a diameter of 10-12 cm and 1 seedling per bowl. After the sub-seedlings are regenerated, the shade is appropriate in the afternoon; after easing the seedlings, the seedlings should be more exposed to light, that is, the film is opened during the day and covered at night. Daytime temperature 25 ~ 30 °C, night 17 °C ~ 20 °C, to promote the robust growth of seedlings. Colonization was planted from late September to early October. The shed must be sterilized in the shed prior to planting. The method is: 5 grams of sulfur per cubic meter of space, add 80% of dichlorvos 0.1 grams and 20 grams of sawdust mixed ignite, closed fumigation overnight, and then open the vent vent (before the fumigation seal the film). When planting, eggplant seedlings 7 to 9 true leaves, seedlings about 20 cm high, the average internode length of about 2 cm, stem base thicker than 0.5 cm, the door eggplant flower bud. The distance between the plants is 35 cm, and the ridges can be ditched, watered, and planted. About 2,500 plants are planted every 666.7 square meters. After water infiltration, seal the ditch. After the whole shed is planted, the ridge is finished and covered with a plastic film. Management after planting 1. During and after seedling management after planting, the plants are generally not ventilated. Daytime greenhouse temperature 25 ~ 35 °C, night 17 ~ 22 °C, the ground temperature not less than 22 °C, in order to promote the slow seedlings. After the seedlings are moderately reduced, the temperature of the shed is reduced by 23 to 28°C during the day and 18 to 15°C at night. If there is not enough water for easing seedlings and the temperature of the shed is relatively high, it may be a good day to ditch the water on one side of the ridge. After watering, pay attention to enhance ventilation. Second, the door before and after flowering fruit management with budding planting strong seedlings, 15 days after planting can be flowering, before and after the gate eggplant flowering, proper control of water, to prevent excessive plant growth and affect fruit setting. During this period, the lateral buds below the door must be wiped. When the door is eggplant-sized like a walnut, open the ditch on the other side of the ridge, fertilize it and water it. After the water infiltrates, cover the soil and seal the ditch. Cover the mulch. Third, temperature and light management throughout the winter, we must pay attention to maintain a high greenhouse temperature, during the day 25 °C ~ 30 °C of the greenhouse temperature strive to maintain more than 5 hours; if the lunch temperature reaches 32 °C, ventilation can be carried out, afternoon greenhouse temperature drop When the temperature reaches 25°C, close the vents in time, strengthen the heat preservation at night, prevent the cold weather, increase the cover appropriately, keep the temperature between 20°C and 15°C, and keep the minimum night temperature no lower than 12°C. According to the weather conditions, cover the grass and other opaque coverings in time to extend the lighting time. Pay attention to clean the film and maintain a high light transmittance. In cloudy snow weather, it is also necessary to expose the plants so that the plants can see scattered light. After mid-February, with the increase in the number of sunshine hours, it was appropriate to expel the oysters early, cover the oysters lately, and increase the time for plants to see light. Pay attention to clean the film and increase the light. According to the weather and temperature changes in the shed, through the opening and closing of the vents, control the temperature inside the shed. In the morning, the temperature of the shed was 27°C to 32°C, 27°C to 22°C in the afternoon, 22°C to 17°C in the middle of the night, and 17°C to 15°C in the middle of the night. Overcast and rainy days, the temperature during the day is 27°C～22°C, and 17°C～13°C at night. Fourth, CO2 fertilization during the winter, the greenhouse temperature is low, less ventilation, if the organic fertilizer is insufficient, there will be CO2 deficiency in the shed. For this reason, CO2 fertilization can be carried out at sunny hours from 9 to 11 am, with a suitable concentration of 600-800 PPM. V. Fertilizer Management From mid-February to mid-March, watering is performed once every 12 to 15 days. Each time watering is used with the decomposed bean cake water, each bean has a bean cake of 50 to 60 kg per 666.7 square meters. Nitrogen once. After mid-March, water is poured every 7 to 8 days. Every time the water is poured, it must be topdressed once. 1, the new solar greenhouse in the door to grow to the size of walnut eggplant for the first time dressing, apply 20 to 25 kg of urea per mu, 5 to 10 kg of Diammonium Phosphate, 5 kg of potassium sulfate. In the full fruit period, fertilizer is applied once every 3 to 4 weeks. The amount of fertilizer used is 10 to 15 kg of urea, 5 to 10 kg of diammonium phosphate and 4 to 6 kg of potassium sulfate. Fertilizer can also be sprayed at the later stage of the fruit, using 0.3% to 0.5% urea, 0.5% to 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.3 to 0.5% potassium sulfate mixed spray. Or when the size of the door to grow to the size of walnuts, the first topdressing, urea 5 ~ 10 kg per mu, Compound Fertilizer 15 ~ 20 kg. In the full fruit period, every 3 to 4 weeks will be topdressed once. Each time the amount of fertilizer is 40 to 45 kg of compound fertilizer per acre, and 3 to 5 kg of urea. In the late fruit stage, foliar spray can also be used. The mixture is sprayed with 0.3% to 0.5% urea, 0.5% to 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.3% to 0.5% potassium sulfate. 2. For the first time, the top-dressing winter greenhouses are top-dressed when the door grows to the size of walnuts, applying 25 to 25 kg of urea per mu, 3 to 5 kg of diammonium phosphate, and 5 kg of potassium sulfate. In the full fruit period, it is topdressed once every 3 to 4 weeks. The amount of fertilizer used is 10 to 15 kg of urea, 4 to 6 kg of diammonium phosphate, and 9 to 10 kg of potassium sulfate. Or in the first time when the size of the door to the eggplant to walnut fertilizer, apply 5 to 10 kg of urea per mu, compound fertilizer 14 to 16 kg. In the full fruit period, it is topdressed once every 3 to 4 weeks. Each time the amount of fertilizer is 1 to 15 kg of compound fertilizer per mu, urea is 8 to 10 kg, and potassium phosphate is 10 to 15 kg. Non-pollution control technologies for pests and diseases I. Types of major pests and diseases The main diseases of eggplant include verticillium wilt, bovine blight disease, gray mold, and brown zebra disease. The pests include: whiteflies, tea plants, leafhoppers, and pecker spots. Flies and so on. Second, pollution-free comprehensive prevention and control technology 1, a reasonable rotation. Avoid continuous cropping with solanaceous vegetables such as eggplants, tomatoes, and peppers, and implement rotations for more than three years to prevent Verticillium wilt, M. blight, and Brownie disease. 2, choose resistant varieties. The general long eggplant variety is more resistant to brown smut than the peony cultivar, but susceptible to M. blight; white peony and green sage are resistant to brown streaks compared to purple and black sage. Tiantangyuan No.1, Guozhuang Changqie, Fangkee No.1, 94~1, Heixiuqin, Liaoqian No.1 and so on can be used for the protection. 3, to cultivate disease-free strong seedlings. (1) Seed treatment. Soaking with warm water at 55°C for 15 minutes, soaking for 6-8 hours when the water temperature drops to 30°C, germination after drying, and effective for the disease of the seeds. Use 50% carbendazim WP, 50% thiram, or 40% WP, etc., and apply 0.4% of seed to prevent eggplant knock-out and yellowing Wilt. (2) Disinfection of seedbed soil. When sowing with sulfur powder 1 to 3 grams per square meter, 5 to 10 kilograms of fine soil, the seeds under the cover (upper and lower soil is 2:1), can prevent verticillium wilt. Eggplant root knot nematode disease in heavy land mass, every 666.7 square meters with 10% Propyram granules 3 ~ 4 kg evenly into the soil. (3) Grafting and disease prevention. Grafting can increase eggplant resistance to Verticillium wilt. Scion is a common species, and the rootstock is generally used wild 2 or Japanese red eggplant. Grafting methods are generally used to connect. (4) Seedbed management. Should pay attention to control the seedbed temperature, appropriate ventilation and dehumidification, found that diseased plants in a timely manner to remove, bring out of the field, timely seedlings. 4. Scientific field management. (1) According to the cultivated form and variety characteristics, determine the reasonable density of planting. (2) Remove diseased leaves, rotten fruit, and loss-of-function leaves in time to reduce disease and re-infection. Protected areas should pay attention to ventilation and humidity control, irrigation, reduce leaf condensation. (3) Apply topdressing at a proper time to increase crop resistance to disease. 5. Biological measures prevention and treatment. Use 1% agricultural anti-wuyimycin 150 ~ 200 times solution, or 40% schizmein control 60g per 666.7 square meters gray mold: 0.9% worms grams 4000 times, or 10% compound Liuyangmycin 1500 times Liquid, or 1% locust clearing 5000-6000 times liquid spray control leafhopper; with 0.9% insect cockroach 3000 times liquid, in the shed control L. sativae. 6, chemical agent control. (1) At the same time as the occurrence of brown and green blight, the plot can be sprayed with 64% anti-virus M8 wettable powder 400 to 500 times, or 58% metalaxyl manganese zinc 500 to 600 times, or 75% chlorella Clear wettable powder 600 times liquid prevention. (2) For the plots mainly consisting of Mianbing disease, 72% Kelu WP can be sprayed 600~800 times, or 25% metalaxyl wettable powder 400AJ600 times, or 58% metalaxyl manganese zinc in the early stage of disease. 500 to 600 times the liquid, or 50% EB aluminum manganese zinc wettable powder 500 ~ 600 times liquid. (3) For the block mainly composed of gray mold, 50% gray nuclear wettable powder can be used 600-800 times liquid, or 50% acetaminophen wettable powder 1000 times liquid or 50% fast-inking wettable powder 1500 Double liquid prevention. When hormones are used to decorate, it is better to add 0.1% of 50% Sulfuron or 50% Carbendazim to the drug solution. Third, the chemical control of safe drug use Standard eggplant is a continuous harvest of vegetable crops, in order to ensure food safety, pollution-free, when applying pesticides should do the following: (1) strictly in accordance with the safety interval, concentration, drug application method . (2) To avoid the application of picking time, it is necessary to pick and then apply the pesticide. (3) The use of chemical pesticides is strictly prohibited 7 days before harvesting. Biological agents or natural enemies should be the preferred choice. (4) alternating use of drugs, it is necessary to alternately use different types of pesticides. Prevent pests and diseases. (5) The product should pass the pesticide residue test.
Sodium Hexametaphosphate,Stpp Sodium Tripolyphosphate,Sodium Tripolyphosphate
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