Mussels are an important seafood shellfish in China. Mussels are delicious in meat, rich in nutrients, and have a high protein content. Their dried products are called “mussels†and they are sea foods that people like to eat. There are many species of Babeaceae, and there are more than ten kinds of economic value in the coastal areas of China. The main types of culture are the purple mussels, mussels, and mussels, among which the mussels are the main species in the southern coastal aquaculture. Variety.
Breeding characteristics Jade mussel is a tropical, subtropical warm water shellfish, distributed in China's South China Sea, South East China Sea, the Taiwan Strait and Southeast Asia and other places, Guangdong Province is widely distributed from the east to the west coast, of which Chuanshan Islands are the most abundant natural resources . It has a habit of gathering in groups. Cubs and clams are attached to rocks and gravel below the low-water line by foot wires, and are often attached to wharfs, embankments, ship bottoms, and inlet and outlet pipes of factories. There are more than 10 water depths from low tide lines. The range of meters is distributed.
The adaptable range of temperature of the green mussel is between 10-32°C, and the most suitable is 20-30°C. The salt-tolerant range is 8‰-39‰ and the optimum is 19‰-31‰. Its breeding period is from April to November in the coast of Guangdong, and the breeding season is from May to June and from October to November.
The growth rate of the green oyster mussel is closely related to the sea state environment of the breeding sea area and the abundance of the bait. After a year of breeding, the shell length of the individual can reach 7 cm, the length of the two years is about 9-10 cm, and it reaches 11 in three years. -12 cm.
Seedling Production The seedlings produced by the culture of Jadeite Mytilus edulis are currently mainly relied on to collect seedlings in the sea area to solve the problem. Sea area seedlings are the breeding season for the green oyster mussels. They grasp the timing of the emergence of larvae, and timely put in the seedlings' attachments to obtain seedlings needed for production. At present, due to the influence of climate, hydrology and other conditions, the amount of seedlings collected is often not stable, but it is still the main way to solve the problem of producing seedlings.
I. Seedling farms Wherever there is a large number of sea turtles inhabiting the sea, the sea area can generally be harvested. The basic conditions for collecting seedlings are: abundant mussels and shellfish resources, and a large number of mussel larvae in the sea area; generally located near the sea or inner bay near the natural breeding area of ​​mussels; The enemy has fewer creatures in the sea area.
Second, picking the seedlings on the coast of Guangdong, the breeding season of the green oyster mussels is in May-June and October-November each year. The seedling-attaching time is about 15-30 days after the mussels discharge the sperm-eggs.
Third, in the production of seedlings forecasting, in order to accurately grasp the seedling collection period, to ensure the effect of seedlings harvesting seedlings should be done.
The seedling-seeding forecast is to determine the appropriate time for the advent of the seedlings by detecting the gonadal development and sperm-egg discharge time of the mussels and the development stage and quantity of the sea larvae. The testing work is generally started about 20 days before the picking season, and it is finished at the end of the picking season. Samples are analyzed every 3 days. The sea state observation work was carried out simultaneously, and its content was recorded at the seedling stage to record the daily changes in seawater temperature, salinity, and weather.
When the appropriate seedling harvesting period is forecasted, a large number of seedling attachments can be concentrated in production, which is expected to achieve more satisfactory results.
Fourth, the choice of seedlings can generally be attached to the solid material of mussels, all can be used as a seedling attachment. In terms of production, some places use aquaculture equipment to directly cultivate seedlings, and in some places, seedlings are cultivated after special seedlings are collected. The commonly used seedling harvesters in various regions include old film, old plastic ropes, sassafras cables, brown ropes, and old Lux ​​cables. The old rubber cords and old rubber tire cords are most widely used because of their low cost, durability, and ease of manufacture. With seedlings better results.
5. The method of picking seedlings used in different areas varies according to the method of sea conditions, sediment, and equipment. There are two types of picking seedlings and cutting seedlings.
Picking type seedlings: The prepared applicator is directly hung on the floating raft for picking seedlings, and the appendages are attached so as not to twist each other, and the floating raft does not sink. With a large amount of seedlings can be attached to the attachment, on the contrary can be less hanging; early sub-miao can be more hanging, late seedlings are less hanging.
Picking and picking seedlings: The seedlings of cement pillars, stone pillars, and stakes are planted on the sea floor to collect seedlings.
Cultivation develops shellfish 0.5 to 1 cm in size into individual products. This production process is called cultivation. At present, there are two types of oysters and cuttings in the production of Guangdong jadeite mussels.
First, the wolfberry cultivated this type of culture has a higher yield, to avoid the invasion of benthic predators biological advantages; but in the South China Sea area this approach is vulnerable to typhoon waves.
1. The sea area selects the oyster shells of the mussels and grows in the inner bay where the wind and wave are small and the flow is smooth. The water depth is 5-10 meters and the bottom is the bottom of the sand that is conducive to piling or sinking. The sea area is required to have fertile water and abundant food, with a salinity of more than 15 ç›. There is no large amount of industrial sewage injected near the general sea area and less enemy predators.
2. In the production of growing equipment, solid, durable, and economical materials should be selected as cultivation equipment. Generally, they can be obtained locally.
Big floats: Polyethylene plastic ropes, diameter between 0.9-1.4 cm, each net length 50-65 meters.
Floats: There are two kinds of plastic floats, 20-32 cm in diameter and 12-24 kg in buoyancy; foam floats, 2-4 kg in buoyancy, and 40-80 floats in one float.
Fixed pile: used to fix floating rafts, one is a wooden pile made of wood such as casuarina, each diameter 7-10 cm, length 1.5-1.8 meters; the other is a reinforced cement pile; rock reef and hard sand bottom The site can also be fixed with iron anchors or stone poles.
Pile cable: Polyethylene plastic rope, with the same specifications floating, depending on the length of each root.
Sling: Polyethylene ropes, each with a diameter of 0.4-0.5 cm and a rope length of 80-100 cm.
With Miao Sheng: Guangdong used rubber tires made of scrap tires, each root by 2.5-3 cm wide rubber strips, two strands screwed together. Rubber ropes are resistant to decay, durability, economy, and low rate of seedling removal.
Bao Miao mesh: Made of polyethylene or scrap mesh.
3, per acre of material per acre according to the length of the floating platform 180 meters, need to fix 10 piles, 10 piles of cables, large floating raft 180 meters, 150 large floats.
4. The floating rafts should be rationally laid out in the mussel culture sea area. Floating rafts should be set up in the sea area where the winds flow down the river. The stand distance is generally 6-8 meters, requiring normalization, orderliness and tightness.
Second, pile-type raising has become a low-cost, easy-to-administer breeding method, and is mostly used in production sites near the low tide line. The planting cement column is produced by using 8mm steel wire as reinforcing bar, and the ratio of cement, sand and stone of 400 marks is 1:3:3.5 or the ratio of cement and sand is 1:4 to make a size of 66120cm or 66150 The centimeters of cement pillars contain 300-500 capsules of mussels for each cement pillar, and generally more than 600 sticks of cement pillars per mu.
Third, sub-seedlings in the production process of oyster shellfish seedlings aquaculture, when the seedlings on the seedling density is greater, it is necessary to carry out seedling sparse, in order to facilitate mussel growth, increase production. The seedling stage is controlled when the mussel shell body reaches 1.5 cm or so, and the bass seedling has the strongest adhesion. The practice is divided into artificial seedlings and semi-artificial seedlings. The following describes the basic operation procedure of artificial seedlings (bag seedlings):
Peel the seedlings with high density, use polyethylene mesh to wrap the seedlings on the culture attachment base (such as film rope, etc.), untie the mesh after 10-15 days, and make the seedling density per meter. It is suitable to pack 300-400 shellfish.
IV. Management during the growing period The regular management of the puffer beetle during the growing season is to prevent disasters, prevent enemies, and prevent desolation. Attention should be paid to the safety of the production equipment before and after the wind is checked.
Mussels have typhoons, freshwater, red tides, pollution, etc.; enemy fish (carps, etc.), crabs, barnacles, etc. The prevention and control of disasters and enemy predators are currently based on prevention. In the area of ​​aquaculture, choose a sea area where the water flow is unimpeded, seawater is not contaminated, and wind waves are avoided.
Other aspects of management work such as the prevention of breakage ropes, reinforcement of slings, and the formation of ropes should be done well, especially after windward winds.
5. When mussels are transported to transport mussels, especially if the seedlings are to avoid the sun, the mussels should be kept in a cool place. Summer transport should not exceed one day, and winter can not exceed 2-3 days. Transport can be transported by water, but it can also be transported by dry transport. Dry shellfish should be rinsed and cleaned and placed in a basket. If it is long-distance transportation, transportation at night is appropriate. A refrigerated truck can be used and the temperature can be controlled at about 5°C. Before the transportation, we must fully prepare for the organization and organize the manpower and transportation tools.
After harvesting the oyster mussels for 1.5-2 years, they can be harvested based on their fullness. Guangdong's jade mussels are more plump in the spring of May-June and in the fall of October-November. Guangdong harvested oyster mussels are generally from December to March of the following year, but also extended to May, the dry rate of up to 5%-7%, fresh and dry ratio of 14-20:1. At the time of harvest, shell length is generally about 10 cm, and 1 kg is about 12.
Breeding characteristics Jade mussel is a tropical, subtropical warm water shellfish, distributed in China's South China Sea, South East China Sea, the Taiwan Strait and Southeast Asia and other places, Guangdong Province is widely distributed from the east to the west coast, of which Chuanshan Islands are the most abundant natural resources . It has a habit of gathering in groups. Cubs and clams are attached to rocks and gravel below the low-water line by foot wires, and are often attached to wharfs, embankments, ship bottoms, and inlet and outlet pipes of factories. There are more than 10 water depths from low tide lines. The range of meters is distributed.
The adaptable range of temperature of the green mussel is between 10-32°C, and the most suitable is 20-30°C. The salt-tolerant range is 8‰-39‰ and the optimum is 19‰-31‰. Its breeding period is from April to November in the coast of Guangdong, and the breeding season is from May to June and from October to November.
The growth rate of the green oyster mussel is closely related to the sea state environment of the breeding sea area and the abundance of the bait. After a year of breeding, the shell length of the individual can reach 7 cm, the length of the two years is about 9-10 cm, and it reaches 11 in three years. -12 cm.
Seedling Production The seedlings produced by the culture of Jadeite Mytilus edulis are currently mainly relied on to collect seedlings in the sea area to solve the problem. Sea area seedlings are the breeding season for the green oyster mussels. They grasp the timing of the emergence of larvae, and timely put in the seedlings' attachments to obtain seedlings needed for production. At present, due to the influence of climate, hydrology and other conditions, the amount of seedlings collected is often not stable, but it is still the main way to solve the problem of producing seedlings.
I. Seedling farms Wherever there is a large number of sea turtles inhabiting the sea, the sea area can generally be harvested. The basic conditions for collecting seedlings are: abundant mussels and shellfish resources, and a large number of mussel larvae in the sea area; generally located near the sea or inner bay near the natural breeding area of ​​mussels; The enemy has fewer creatures in the sea area.
Second, picking the seedlings on the coast of Guangdong, the breeding season of the green oyster mussels is in May-June and October-November each year. The seedling-attaching time is about 15-30 days after the mussels discharge the sperm-eggs.
Third, in the production of seedlings forecasting, in order to accurately grasp the seedling collection period, to ensure the effect of seedlings harvesting seedlings should be done.
The seedling-seeding forecast is to determine the appropriate time for the advent of the seedlings by detecting the gonadal development and sperm-egg discharge time of the mussels and the development stage and quantity of the sea larvae. The testing work is generally started about 20 days before the picking season, and it is finished at the end of the picking season. Samples are analyzed every 3 days. The sea state observation work was carried out simultaneously, and its content was recorded at the seedling stage to record the daily changes in seawater temperature, salinity, and weather.
When the appropriate seedling harvesting period is forecasted, a large number of seedling attachments can be concentrated in production, which is expected to achieve more satisfactory results.
Fourth, the choice of seedlings can generally be attached to the solid material of mussels, all can be used as a seedling attachment. In terms of production, some places use aquaculture equipment to directly cultivate seedlings, and in some places, seedlings are cultivated after special seedlings are collected. The commonly used seedling harvesters in various regions include old film, old plastic ropes, sassafras cables, brown ropes, and old Lux ​​cables. The old rubber cords and old rubber tire cords are most widely used because of their low cost, durability, and ease of manufacture. With seedlings better results.
5. The method of picking seedlings used in different areas varies according to the method of sea conditions, sediment, and equipment. There are two types of picking seedlings and cutting seedlings.
Picking type seedlings: The prepared applicator is directly hung on the floating raft for picking seedlings, and the appendages are attached so as not to twist each other, and the floating raft does not sink. With a large amount of seedlings can be attached to the attachment, on the contrary can be less hanging; early sub-miao can be more hanging, late seedlings are less hanging.
Picking and picking seedlings: The seedlings of cement pillars, stone pillars, and stakes are planted on the sea floor to collect seedlings.
Cultivation develops shellfish 0.5 to 1 cm in size into individual products. This production process is called cultivation. At present, there are two types of oysters and cuttings in the production of Guangdong jadeite mussels.
First, the wolfberry cultivated this type of culture has a higher yield, to avoid the invasion of benthic predators biological advantages; but in the South China Sea area this approach is vulnerable to typhoon waves.
1. The sea area selects the oyster shells of the mussels and grows in the inner bay where the wind and wave are small and the flow is smooth. The water depth is 5-10 meters and the bottom is the bottom of the sand that is conducive to piling or sinking. The sea area is required to have fertile water and abundant food, with a salinity of more than 15 ç›. There is no large amount of industrial sewage injected near the general sea area and less enemy predators.
2. In the production of growing equipment, solid, durable, and economical materials should be selected as cultivation equipment. Generally, they can be obtained locally.
Big floats: Polyethylene plastic ropes, diameter between 0.9-1.4 cm, each net length 50-65 meters.
Floats: There are two kinds of plastic floats, 20-32 cm in diameter and 12-24 kg in buoyancy; foam floats, 2-4 kg in buoyancy, and 40-80 floats in one float.
Fixed pile: used to fix floating rafts, one is a wooden pile made of wood such as casuarina, each diameter 7-10 cm, length 1.5-1.8 meters; the other is a reinforced cement pile; rock reef and hard sand bottom The site can also be fixed with iron anchors or stone poles.
Pile cable: Polyethylene plastic rope, with the same specifications floating, depending on the length of each root.
Sling: Polyethylene ropes, each with a diameter of 0.4-0.5 cm and a rope length of 80-100 cm.
With Miao Sheng: Guangdong used rubber tires made of scrap tires, each root by 2.5-3 cm wide rubber strips, two strands screwed together. Rubber ropes are resistant to decay, durability, economy, and low rate of seedling removal.
Bao Miao mesh: Made of polyethylene or scrap mesh.
3, per acre of material per acre according to the length of the floating platform 180 meters, need to fix 10 piles, 10 piles of cables, large floating raft 180 meters, 150 large floats.
4. The floating rafts should be rationally laid out in the mussel culture sea area. Floating rafts should be set up in the sea area where the winds flow down the river. The stand distance is generally 6-8 meters, requiring normalization, orderliness and tightness.
Second, pile-type raising has become a low-cost, easy-to-administer breeding method, and is mostly used in production sites near the low tide line. The planting cement column is produced by using 8mm steel wire as reinforcing bar, and the ratio of cement, sand and stone of 400 marks is 1:3:3.5 or the ratio of cement and sand is 1:4 to make a size of 66120cm or 66150 The centimeters of cement pillars contain 300-500 capsules of mussels for each cement pillar, and generally more than 600 sticks of cement pillars per mu.
Third, sub-seedlings in the production process of oyster shellfish seedlings aquaculture, when the seedlings on the seedling density is greater, it is necessary to carry out seedling sparse, in order to facilitate mussel growth, increase production. The seedling stage is controlled when the mussel shell body reaches 1.5 cm or so, and the bass seedling has the strongest adhesion. The practice is divided into artificial seedlings and semi-artificial seedlings. The following describes the basic operation procedure of artificial seedlings (bag seedlings):
Peel the seedlings with high density, use polyethylene mesh to wrap the seedlings on the culture attachment base (such as film rope, etc.), untie the mesh after 10-15 days, and make the seedling density per meter. It is suitable to pack 300-400 shellfish.
IV. Management during the growing period The regular management of the puffer beetle during the growing season is to prevent disasters, prevent enemies, and prevent desolation. Attention should be paid to the safety of the production equipment before and after the wind is checked.
Mussels have typhoons, freshwater, red tides, pollution, etc.; enemy fish (carps, etc.), crabs, barnacles, etc. The prevention and control of disasters and enemy predators are currently based on prevention. In the area of ​​aquaculture, choose a sea area where the water flow is unimpeded, seawater is not contaminated, and wind waves are avoided.
Other aspects of management work such as the prevention of breakage ropes, reinforcement of slings, and the formation of ropes should be done well, especially after windward winds.
5. When mussels are transported to transport mussels, especially if the seedlings are to avoid the sun, the mussels should be kept in a cool place. Summer transport should not exceed one day, and winter can not exceed 2-3 days. Transport can be transported by water, but it can also be transported by dry transport. Dry shellfish should be rinsed and cleaned and placed in a basket. If it is long-distance transportation, transportation at night is appropriate. A refrigerated truck can be used and the temperature can be controlled at about 5°C. Before the transportation, we must fully prepare for the organization and organize the manpower and transportation tools.
After harvesting the oyster mussels for 1.5-2 years, they can be harvested based on their fullness. Guangdong's jade mussels are more plump in the spring of May-June and in the fall of October-November. Guangdong harvested oyster mussels are generally from December to March of the following year, but also extended to May, the dry rate of up to 5%-7%, fresh and dry ratio of 14-20:1. At the time of harvest, shell length is generally about 10 cm, and 1 kg is about 12.