The enclosure-intensive intensive shrimp culture model is an ecologically-friendly and highly-efficient culture model based on ecology. The four sides of the pond are protected by a mulch, and a breeding unit is surrounded by a net to prevent crabs and isolate bacteria and viruses. During the aquaculture process, only a small amount of water that has been disinfected by the reservoir is added to the pond, and it is basically not drained to the outer sea during the cultivation to effectively protect the ecological environment of the outer sea, so that pollution-free breeding can be achieved and the shrimp can be maximally improved. The aquaculture area and the increase of shrimp production per unit of water are one of the directions for the transformation of traditional breeding models to modern breeding models.
First, the basic conditions of the pond Aquaculture pond water depth 1.5m - 2.0m between the aquaculture ponds and reservoirs are surrounded by mulch, each acre breeding pond equipped with 0.75kW aerator, each pond are There is a gate, and the inlet gate of the reservoir is filtered by a 80-mesh screen. The reservoir has channels or pipes that communicate with the aquaculture pond and uses a water pump to supply water to the aquaculture pond.
Second, seed stocking
1. In the preliminary preparation, the entire system is first seawater immersed and then drained. 15 days before seeding - 20 days, the pond was filled with seawater and disinfected with 50ppm bleach. On the third day after the water body was disinfected, 5kg/mu compound organic fertilizer was applied, and then the beneficial algae medicine and water were used on the next day to cultivate the basic food organisms so that the water color was yellow-green or green-brown. One to two days before seeding, microbial preparations were used to regulate water quality. During the fertilizer period, the aerators are opened once a day at noon for 2 hours to 3 hours, and the transparency of the water body is maintained at around 30cm--40cm.
2. Seed stocking selection quality and healthy shrimp, WSSV, TSV should be negative, shrimp seedling size is 0.8cm - 1.0cm body length, put the seedling density of 50,000 / acre.
Third, aquaculture management
1. The feed was fed on the third day after the seedlings were released, the artificial feed was mainly fed in the early stage, and the size of the compound feed was gradually increased according to the size of the shrimp. When the shrimp body length is 4.0cm--5.0cm or less, the feed protein content is 42%, the shrimp protein seed body length is 4.0cm--7.0cm, the feed protein content is 40%, the shrimp seedling body length 7.0cm After the above, the feed protein content was 38%. Each pond is provided with two feed tables (approximately 1 square meter in area), and the amount of feeding depends on the feeding conditions of the shrimp in the feed table. The body length of shrimps was 5.0 cm before, and the total amount of shrimps accounted for 0.5% to 1.0% of the total weight of shrimps. When the body length of shrimps was 6.0cm to 8.0cm, the amount of the shrimps accounted for The total weight of shrimp seedlings is about 1.0%-2.0%; after 9.0cm in length, the shrimp seedlings account for about 3.0% of the total weight of the shrimp seedlings, generally 2 hours after feeding - - 3 hours finished eating.
It is worth noting that in the initial stage of aquaculture, due to the small range of shrimp seedlings, they should be fed in whole ponds and gradually be fed along the ponds as they grow.
2. The seawater added to the aquaculture ponds does not require seawater to be added in the early stage of cultivation, and a small amount of seawater added to the reservoir after 50ppm disinfection is added in the mid-aquaculture period, and the added amount is about 3% to 5% of the aquaculture water (after the reservoir is disinfected by seawater for three days Can be used), the amount of seawater added in the later period of cultivation slightly increased, but no more than 10% of the aquaculture water.
3. Water quality regulation Water quality regulation is performed by using microbial preparations and aerators. The day of aerator start-up time is 3 hours - 5 hours in the early stage of cultivation, 5 hours - 10 hours in the middle period of breeding, 10 hours - 18 hours in the later period of breeding, and the boot time is appropriately increased in rainy weather. The use of live microbial microbiological preparations is regularly used to regulate the use of quicklime in the water ecosystem to adjust the pH of the water. Frequent use of zeolite powder to improve the bottom quality, purify the water quality, and stabilize the entire aquaculture water environment.
4. Disease prevention measures Disinfect the aquaculture water with dibromohydantoin or chlorine dioxide every two weeks (live bacteria microbiological preparations can be used three days after the water body is sterilized). During the middle and late breeding period, 0.1%--0.2% of vitamin C and immune-enhancing drugs (immunopolysaccharides) are added periodically to the feed to increase the prawn's physique and improve the shrimp's immunity. To achieve the purpose of disease prevention.
5. Testing of important water quality indicators During the entire cultivation period, we strive to keep the physical and chemical indicators of the water stable within the normal range, so that the growth of the shrimp body has a good ecological environment. The pH is maintained between 8.0-8.6, and the difference between the morning and evening does not exceed 0.5; the transparency in the early culture period is between 30cm--40cm, and the amount of feed increased as the biomass in the water increases during the later period of culture. , The transparency must also be stable between 20cm - 30cm; the dissolved oxygen culture period is greater than 5mg/L in the early stage, and it is more than 4.5% in the later stage of culture. Mg/L; ammonia nitrogen content is between 0mg/L--0.5mg/L.
6. Virus Detection The shrimp body was tested for white spot virus and taura virus every one month to observe whether there was a virus infection in the shrimp and to take effective countermeasures.
IV. Problems to be Focused on in Aquaculture
1. Grasping the quality of cultured ponds is the key to intensive shrimp farming. In the early stage of cultivation, the biomass in the pond is relatively small, and the physical and chemical indicators in the water color and the water body can generally be regulated by applying conventional methods such as “algae†nutrients, water quality improver, and mechanical oxygenation. In the middle and later stages of breeding, due to the increase of residual bait and shrimp body excretion, the pressure of the unit water body is greatly increased, and the instability of the water body is also relatively increased. Therefore, balancing the algae and bacteria phases of the aquaculture water to stabilize the pond water color is particularly important. The regular application of living complex bacteria is an effective method. It can optimize the beneficial algae population in the pond, reduce the concentration of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in the water, and achieve little or no drainage of the aquaculture water body.
2. Regular water disinfection is an important part of the breeding process. During the aquaculture process, the regular disinfection and sterilization of water bodies can not be ignored. Under normal circumstances, a mild disinfectant can be used. There will be no large stimulation of the shrimp body, such as dibromohydantoin, but red tides are apparent in the culture ponds. When the use of dibromohydantoin alone, the effect is not obvious, and the use of chlorine-based disinfectants, such as chlorine dioxide, the effect will be more significant.
3. Penaeus vannamei is a relatively strong bottom shrimp. When the water in the pond is discharged 2/3, about 70% of the shrimp will remain in the pond and the shrimp will be slow to harvest. If one-time capture is not possible, only a large amount of pool water can be added, and the water body will change too much in the short term, causing stress response to the shrimp, resulting in rapid onset of prawn and death. Therefore, according to the actual situation, the early use of the cage net is a An effective way.
Si Liegang Wu Xiongfei Wang Jianping Ningbo Fisheries Research Institute 315012
Zheng Zhixiao Lin Jiandong Government Office of Ocean Affairs, Dajiahe Town, Ninghai County, Zhejiang Province 316000
First, the basic conditions of the pond Aquaculture pond water depth 1.5m - 2.0m between the aquaculture ponds and reservoirs are surrounded by mulch, each acre breeding pond equipped with 0.75kW aerator, each pond are There is a gate, and the inlet gate of the reservoir is filtered by a 80-mesh screen. The reservoir has channels or pipes that communicate with the aquaculture pond and uses a water pump to supply water to the aquaculture pond.
Second, seed stocking
1. In the preliminary preparation, the entire system is first seawater immersed and then drained. 15 days before seeding - 20 days, the pond was filled with seawater and disinfected with 50ppm bleach. On the third day after the water body was disinfected, 5kg/mu compound organic fertilizer was applied, and then the beneficial algae medicine and water were used on the next day to cultivate the basic food organisms so that the water color was yellow-green or green-brown. One to two days before seeding, microbial preparations were used to regulate water quality. During the fertilizer period, the aerators are opened once a day at noon for 2 hours to 3 hours, and the transparency of the water body is maintained at around 30cm--40cm.
2. Seed stocking selection quality and healthy shrimp, WSSV, TSV should be negative, shrimp seedling size is 0.8cm - 1.0cm body length, put the seedling density of 50,000 / acre.
Third, aquaculture management
1. The feed was fed on the third day after the seedlings were released, the artificial feed was mainly fed in the early stage, and the size of the compound feed was gradually increased according to the size of the shrimp. When the shrimp body length is 4.0cm--5.0cm or less, the feed protein content is 42%, the shrimp protein seed body length is 4.0cm--7.0cm, the feed protein content is 40%, the shrimp seedling body length 7.0cm After the above, the feed protein content was 38%. Each pond is provided with two feed tables (approximately 1 square meter in area), and the amount of feeding depends on the feeding conditions of the shrimp in the feed table. The body length of shrimps was 5.0 cm before, and the total amount of shrimps accounted for 0.5% to 1.0% of the total weight of shrimps. When the body length of shrimps was 6.0cm to 8.0cm, the amount of the shrimps accounted for The total weight of shrimp seedlings is about 1.0%-2.0%; after 9.0cm in length, the shrimp seedlings account for about 3.0% of the total weight of the shrimp seedlings, generally 2 hours after feeding - - 3 hours finished eating.
It is worth noting that in the initial stage of aquaculture, due to the small range of shrimp seedlings, they should be fed in whole ponds and gradually be fed along the ponds as they grow.
2. The seawater added to the aquaculture ponds does not require seawater to be added in the early stage of cultivation, and a small amount of seawater added to the reservoir after 50ppm disinfection is added in the mid-aquaculture period, and the added amount is about 3% to 5% of the aquaculture water (after the reservoir is disinfected by seawater for three days Can be used), the amount of seawater added in the later period of cultivation slightly increased, but no more than 10% of the aquaculture water.
3. Water quality regulation Water quality regulation is performed by using microbial preparations and aerators. The day of aerator start-up time is 3 hours - 5 hours in the early stage of cultivation, 5 hours - 10 hours in the middle period of breeding, 10 hours - 18 hours in the later period of breeding, and the boot time is appropriately increased in rainy weather. The use of live microbial microbiological preparations is regularly used to regulate the use of quicklime in the water ecosystem to adjust the pH of the water. Frequent use of zeolite powder to improve the bottom quality, purify the water quality, and stabilize the entire aquaculture water environment.
4. Disease prevention measures Disinfect the aquaculture water with dibromohydantoin or chlorine dioxide every two weeks (live bacteria microbiological preparations can be used three days after the water body is sterilized). During the middle and late breeding period, 0.1%--0.2% of vitamin C and immune-enhancing drugs (immunopolysaccharides) are added periodically to the feed to increase the prawn's physique and improve the shrimp's immunity. To achieve the purpose of disease prevention.
5. Testing of important water quality indicators During the entire cultivation period, we strive to keep the physical and chemical indicators of the water stable within the normal range, so that the growth of the shrimp body has a good ecological environment. The pH is maintained between 8.0-8.6, and the difference between the morning and evening does not exceed 0.5; the transparency in the early culture period is between 30cm--40cm, and the amount of feed increased as the biomass in the water increases during the later period of culture. , The transparency must also be stable between 20cm - 30cm; the dissolved oxygen culture period is greater than 5mg/L in the early stage, and it is more than 4.5% in the later stage of culture. Mg/L; ammonia nitrogen content is between 0mg/L--0.5mg/L.
6. Virus Detection The shrimp body was tested for white spot virus and taura virus every one month to observe whether there was a virus infection in the shrimp and to take effective countermeasures.
IV. Problems to be Focused on in Aquaculture
1. Grasping the quality of cultured ponds is the key to intensive shrimp farming. In the early stage of cultivation, the biomass in the pond is relatively small, and the physical and chemical indicators in the water color and the water body can generally be regulated by applying conventional methods such as “algae†nutrients, water quality improver, and mechanical oxygenation. In the middle and later stages of breeding, due to the increase of residual bait and shrimp body excretion, the pressure of the unit water body is greatly increased, and the instability of the water body is also relatively increased. Therefore, balancing the algae and bacteria phases of the aquaculture water to stabilize the pond water color is particularly important. The regular application of living complex bacteria is an effective method. It can optimize the beneficial algae population in the pond, reduce the concentration of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in the water, and achieve little or no drainage of the aquaculture water body.
2. Regular water disinfection is an important part of the breeding process. During the aquaculture process, the regular disinfection and sterilization of water bodies can not be ignored. Under normal circumstances, a mild disinfectant can be used. There will be no large stimulation of the shrimp body, such as dibromohydantoin, but red tides are apparent in the culture ponds. When the use of dibromohydantoin alone, the effect is not obvious, and the use of chlorine-based disinfectants, such as chlorine dioxide, the effect will be more significant.
3. Penaeus vannamei is a relatively strong bottom shrimp. When the water in the pond is discharged 2/3, about 70% of the shrimp will remain in the pond and the shrimp will be slow to harvest. If one-time capture is not possible, only a large amount of pool water can be added, and the water body will change too much in the short term, causing stress response to the shrimp, resulting in rapid onset of prawn and death. Therefore, according to the actual situation, the early use of the cage net is a An effective way.
Si Liegang Wu Xiongfei Wang Jianping Ningbo Fisheries Research Institute 315012
Zheng Zhixiao Lin Jiandong Government Office of Ocean Affairs, Dajiahe Town, Ninghai County, Zhejiang Province 316000
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