1 Develop a reasonable pruning plan to correctly judge
1.1 Judging the tree potential
The tree potential can be roughly divided into three types: Wang, Zhongyong and Weak, and each type can be subdivided into multiple trees. According to whether the growth of the fruit trees is balanced, the nutrient diagnosis and growth and development of different periods are used to judge the tree potential.
1.2 Tree structure analysis
Correctly analyze the tree structure before trimming. The analysis of the tree structure includes the ventilation and light transmission of the fruit trees, the condition of the canopy of the fruit trees, including the height, the crown diameter, and the condition of the backbone branches, including the angle, the number and distribution, the number of flower buds, and the overall spacing of the plant spacing. In the specific pruning, the tree potential and the tree structure should be integrated to judge the results, and a comprehensive pruning technical plan should be formulated.
2 pay attention to the comprehensive reaction of pruning
Verify that the pruning is correct depends on the tree response. Because of the influence of many factors, such as site conditions, tree species, varieties, age, and other cultivation measures, the pruning reaction is not completely the same whether it is a single pruning method or a combination of different pruning methods. A pruning method is suitable for use here and now, and sometimes it does not necessarily apply. Sometimes the opposite effect may occur.
2.1 The dual role of pruning
Pruning has a promoting effect on fruit trees, promotes shoot growth, branching, and prosperous branches, and also has an inhibitory effect, reducing overall growth and reducing the amount of foliage. The main reaction of a pruning method plays a positive role, which is in line with the production demand. The secondary reaction plays a negative role and does not meet the production needs. The action and properties are the same, and the shearing method is different, which will enhance the pruning reaction. For example, after the branching, the multi-channel engraving is combined to increase the germination rate and weaken the growth potential. Different functions and properties, different shearing methods, will weaken each other, for example, after pulling the branches, remove the large branches and thick branches in the upper part of the pull branches, because the wounds promote the growth of the lower branches, thus weakening the effect of pulling branches.
2.2 Winter shears and summer shears
Winter pruning must work closely with winter pruning to achieve good results, especially in young trees and densely planted orchards. Summer pruning can make up for the lack of winter shears. The problem that winter shears can't solve can be put into summer pruning. Summer pruning can also overcome the negative effects of winter shears. Through the slashing, picking, picking, twisting, etc. in the summer shearing method, the stimulating effect of the winter shear can be alleviated. Winter shears can't replace summer shears. Summer shears have become an important part of comprehensive matching trimming technology and play an important role.
2.3 Adjusting the tree trend and the branch
Make a pruning plan to correct the tree and adjust it. The tree is booming and it is necessary to ease the tree. If the tree is weak, it is necessary to strengthen the tree.
3 in conjunction with other agricultural technical measures
3.1 Soil and fertilizer management
Pruning is mainly to adjust the nutrient conditions in the tree, and the management of soil and fertilizer is to improve the nutrient level of the tree as a whole. The yield and quality of an untrimmed or heavily trimmed orchard will be significantly improved after reasonable pruning, but if the soil and water management is not strengthened, the beneficial effects will gradually weaken or even disappear. The pruning of fruit trees in an orchard should be compatible with soil fertility and fertilizer management.
3.2 Pest Control
Improperly trimmed fruit trees, because the tree structure is unreasonable, can not spray well, which is not conducive to the prevention and control of pests and diseases. Cut off the branches and leaves of pests and diseases, and directly control pests and diseases.
3.3 Flower Management
Pruning has a “coarse adjustment†effect on the yield quality of fruit trees, and “fine adjustment†effect on flower and fruit management. The combination of the two can improve the yield and quality of fruit trees. For example, if there are many flower buds, some flower buds should be appropriately removed in winter shears; if there are few flower buds, more flower buds should be left, and fruit set should be promoted when flowering results, such as artificial auxiliary pollination during flowering, growth regulators, and bees on flowering.
4 use of pruning technology
4.1 Minimize damage to shoots
When winter shears, be sure to wear tight-fitting clothes and soft-soled shoes. Be careful not to touch the flower buds. Try to use the ladder to trim and reduce the number of trees, thus reducing the damage to the shoots.
4.2 Pay attention to protect pruning shears when trimming thick branches
When trimming thicker branches, you can hold the scissors in one hand, push the branches to the scissors at the other hand, and cut the branches with each other. Remember not to shake the scissors left or right while cutting the branches to avoid deformation of the knife edge.
4.4 Fruit tree pruning with virus to avoid infection
The trimming tool must be sterilized after trimming the virused fruit trees.
4.5 The branches that have been trimmed should be disposed of in time.
Timely treatment of the trimmed dead branches, dead leaves and rotten fruits, especially the poisoned dead branches should be incinerated in time.
4.6 When trimming, it is necessary to distinguish between various trimming methods.
Pruning fruit trees should adopt different pruning methods according to the specific conditions: for the purpose of promoting the extension of the branches or promoting the branching, the short-cut method is often adopted; in order to promote the formation of flower buds, the methods of lifting, picking, twisting and the like are often used; When updating the complex group, the retracting method is often adopted; in order to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions, the method of removing the dense branches and the long branches can be adopted. In short, for the plastic trimming of fruit trees, we must follow the principles, master the methods, and refer to the above problems that should be paid attention to, so as not to blindly pruning affect the growth of fruit trees.
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