People's life is inseparable from the consumption of vegetables. With the development of planting technology, the vegetable planting industry has ushered in new development opportunities, and the vegetable diseases that people have had headaches have been effectively solved. The following small series will tell you about greenhouse vegetable cultivation techniques and pest control.
China is a famous agricultural country in the world. In the process of comprehensive improvement of science and technology, greenhouse cultivation technology has gradually developed, and it has been widely used in the current vegetable cultivation process, not only for vegetable cultivation. The quality has been significantly improved while meeting the dietary needs of different people. In particular, the current problems of nutrition and safety have increasingly become the concerns of people's livelihood, which are also the most basic requirements for food consumption. However, after the author's research, it is found that the current greenhouse vegetable cultivation technology is often threatened by pests and diseases in agricultural production and planting, and different areas are affected by pests and diseases. Therefore, research on this issue is also currently needed. Focus on issues. Therefore, proper research and analysis of pest control measures in the application of greenhouse cultivation technology is also very important for the comprehensive promotion of greenhouse vegetable production.
1 greenhouse vegetable cultivation technology
1.1 Selection and processing of seeds
In the process of planting greenhouse vegetables, in order to further improve the quality of planting, it is necessary for the majority of planters to strictly select the varieties that are resistant to pests and diseases in strict accordance with local practical problems. At the same time, before the start of planting and planting work, one of the tasks that we need to do is to strengthen the disinfection of the seeds, and further ensure the effective growth of vegetables on the basis of ensuring the improvement of seed quality. At the same time, in the process of disinfection treatment, it is necessary to further block the infection and transmission routes of the current pathogens, and better realize the prevention and control requirements of seedling stage pests. For example, in the process of planting peppers, planters should conduct a thorough study of the local environment to select more suitable planting varieties, such as Changshen No. 7, Changyan 17, and Spicy No. 8. In this process, seed disinfection is first carried out. Seed disinfection generally has:
(1) Soaking in warm soup: first soak the seeds with water for 1~2 h, then remove them and pour them into warm water of about 55 °C for 5~10 min, then continue to soak the seeds for 3~4 h with cold water. When soaking in warm water, pay attention to the amount of water. Generally, 1 part of the seed is 2 parts of water. It should be stirred quickly and continuously to make the seeds evenly heated to prevent scalding the seeds. It should be heated continuously to maintain the water temperature of 55 °C.
(2) Soaking seeds: first soak seeds in water for 3~4 hours, then pour the seeds into a 100-fold solution of formalin for 15~20 min, remove them and wrap them in a damp cloth and put them in a crucible. 3 h, fumigation, then rinse with water to reduce or control the risk of early blight; or soak the immersed seeds in 10% sodium phosphate solution for 20 min, then rinse with water, then germination, It can prevent the occurrence of viral diseases; in addition, it can also use 25% reptomycin WP 600 times solution, or 40% Ethyl aluminum WP 300 times solution, or 60% carbendazim WP 600 times solution. , or 70% methyl thiophanate WP 100 times solution, or 75% chlorothalonil WP 600 times solution for seed disinfection, can prevent the spread of pathogens such as late blight. The specific method is to soak the immersed seeds in any of the above-mentioned medicaments for 10 to 15 minutes, take them out and wash them with water, and then soak them with water.
1.2 Cultivation management
The greenhouse vegetable planting technology has very strict requirements in the practical application process. In order to improve the planting quality of greenhouse vegetables in China, we need to adopt more scientific cultivation techniques in the actual work. Corresponding matching facilities. At the same time, in the process of planting vegetables, we need to make full use of the local environment, climatic conditions and natural environment, and carry out planting work by means of rotation, to ensure the quality of vegetables based on the creation of a good environment for vegetable growth. Make a more significant improvement.
1.3 Application of fertilizer
In the process of planting greenhouse vegetables, there are also very strict requirements and management methods for the use of fertilizers. In greenhouse vegetable cultivation techniques, we do not recommend the use of chemical fertilizers, but use feces or plant spoilage as much as possible. Because these substances are natural materials, they do not cause side effects on the soil or the environment during the application process, and they can be mixed with microbial fertilizers during use, which can greatly improve the quality of planting. For example, in the process of pepper planting in greenhouses, 667m requires about 5,000 kg of organic fertilizer and about 20 kg of urea. When the fertilization is completed, the pepper should be treated in a timely manner to provide better pepper growth. condition.
2 Main methods of prevention and control of vegetable pests and diseases in greenhouses
In the application process of greenhouse vegetable cultivation technology, strengthening the prevention and control of pests and diseases is also a very important link. Good prevention and control strategies can effectively improve the current vegetable cultivation output. After the author's actual research, it is recommended to carry out pest control work. The following countermeasures are used in the process.
2.1 Agricultural control measures
Generally, in the process of planting greenhouse vegetables, it is usually used for long-term planting of one or several types of vegetables. Therefore, the problem of pests and diseases in these vegetables is also strong, which is accumulated on the land. In the case of more pests and diseases, it is also possible to adopt corresponding agricultural control measures for prevention, strictly abide by the corresponding cropping system of agriculture, adopt land rotation to prevent and control, and comprehensively improve the cleanliness of the current land [4].
2.2 Ecological control strategy
In the process of planting greenhouse vegetables, the ecological control strategy is also the best prevention and control method. Due to the lack of good ventilation conditions for greenhouse vegetable cultivation, the temperature in the shed is relatively high, which will also create the occurrence of pests and diseases. More comfortable conditions and environment. Especially in an acidic environment, it is more likely to cause pests and diseases, so we need to use appropriate methods and techniques to reduce the acidity of pests and diseases.
2.3 Biological control strategies
The so-called biological control strategy refers to the means of natural vegetation protection. In this work, the ecological environment measures for the coexistence of oxidizing organisms are usually adopted to better carry out pest control work. At the same time, it is also necessary to effectively prevent the killing of natural enemies of pests and diseases, because in the biological control work, the prevention and control of natural enemies with pests and diseases is also the most critical part of this work [5].
2.4 Physical Control Strategy
Physical control is to carry out corresponding pest control by means of insecticidal lamps and yellow boards, blue boards, sexual attractants and other equipment, so that these measures and means can be used to better prevent pests and diseases, which can be greatly reduced. The emergence of insects such as aphids and cabbage caterpillars.
In summary, greenhouse vegetable cultivation technology is also the most common technical means in China's agricultural production work, which has extremely important help and influence on China's vegetable production and quality improvement. In the current application of this technology, we also need to adopt effective planting methods and adopt an integrated approach to the prevention and control of pests and diseases. In this way, we can lay a good foundation for the development of agricultural work in China.
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