High-efficiency three-dimensional cultivation technique of greenhouse gourd-Fu coriander

The high temperature in summer makes it difficult for many greenhouses to grow vegetables and leave them idle. In the Zhenjiang area, greenhouses are planted early in the spring, the vines are placed on the shelves to form a sunshade net, and the anti-seasonal corianders are planted in the cold summer season to form a three-dimensional interplanting mode. 500-750kg of coriander, with significant economic benefits. The main points of its cultivation technology are summarized as follows.

1 Select the elite

Choose early-maturing varieties such as Shanghai loofah, Zaoxiangsi, Jiangshu No. 2 and so on. In the middle and late February, the seedlings are planted in a greenhouse and a small shed. When the seedlings have 2 or 3 true leaves in the first and middle of April, they are planted on both sides of the greenhouse. The vines are put on the shelf to form a shade shed, and the coriander is grown under the shed; the coriander chooses heat-resistant, bolting late, fast-growing varieties, such as Shandong Daye, Beijing Coriander, etc., planted in June, and can be harvested in about 45 days.

2 cultivation points

2.1 Loofah

â‘  Seedling a. Substrate preparation. Use plug trays to raise seedlings, prepare nutrient substrates early, choose fertile garden soil, peat, manure, carbonized chaff or grass ash that has not been planted with melon vegetables for more than 3 years. The method of disinfection is to spray 100 times of formalin on the nutrient soil layer, mix the nutrient soil repeatedly and pile it up, cover with plastic film, seal it for 2-3 days, spread the medicine soil for 5-7 days, Allow the medicine to dissipate before use. It can also be sterilized by mixing 50% carbendazim powder with 50% Fumeishuang (or 65% Daisenzinc wettable powder) equal amount of 100-150g of 1m3 nutrient soil, and used as mat seed soil and cover seed soil.

b. Seed germination. Seed soaking with warm water and potassium permanganate. Soak the seeds in 50-55 ℃ water and add 0.1% potassium permanganate for 15-20min, then soak the seeds in warm water for 3h, stirring continuously, and germinate after washing. Wrap the sterilized and soaked seeds with wet gauze and place them under a constant temperature of 30 ° C to germinate. The seeds will germinate within 2-3 days, and the seeds will be sown when the bud length is 1.5cm.

Use a small arch shed in the greenhouse to raise seedlings. When planting, the planting bed should be sprayed with sole water, and then a layer of nutrient soil that has been screened and sterilized should be spread on the planting bed. After sowing, cover with fine soil 1cm thick, cover with mulch to promote germination, and uncover the mulch after emergence, no need to divide seedlings.

c. Seedling management. The germinated seeds emerged 2 to 3 days after sowing. During the period, pay attention to covering the small arch shed to increase the temperature and moisturize and promote the slow seedling. From sowing to cotyledon micro-expansion, maintain a high temperature and humidity, bed temperature 25-30 ℃, air relative humidity is above 80%; from cotyledon to before seedling, maintain 25-30 ℃ during the day, bed temperature controlled at 16 —20 ℃; bed temperature from seedling to slow seedling stage is 10-28 ℃; slow seedling to planting bed temperature is 10-20 ℃. Water only when the ground is dry or the seedlings are wilting, and the seedlings should be refined 7 days before planting.

â‘¡ Field management a. Site preparation and planting. Before the planting, the greenhouse should be ploughed, and 667m2 should be sprinkled with 2500kg of organic fertilizer, 30kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, and 50kg of calcium, magnesium and phosphate fertilizer as the base fertilizer. For every 667m2 ditch on both sides of the planting row, apply 8kg of high-calcium potash, 10kg of urea, 400g of boron fertilizer, and 10kg of potassium sulfate as a base fertilizer. It is generally formed into a wide border of 3.6m wide and a depth of 33cm. Put a scoop (approximately 1kg) of 50% mature manure and urine, dry it and loosen it, put it into a sieved decayed coal ash soil or soil mixed fertilizer, and then plant it in a single row on the border surface. 476 strains.

b. Water and fertilizer management. After planting, timely squeeze water to promote survival. After 5-7 days, the loofah seedlings have survived, that is, the first top dressing, 667m2 topdressing about 15% of human feces and urine about 750kg. Afterwards, pour 15% -20% light manure every 4-5 days to promote the growth of seedlings. During the mid-growth period of loofah, the amount of fertilizer required is gradually increased. Especially during the harvest of melons, water and fertilizer must be continuously supplied. Generally, 30% -40% of manure is poured into the border every 7 days or so. When it is drought, it must be irrigated. When the water is flushed, the water will be withdrawn immediately. After 2-3 days of irrigation, 40% of the manure and animal manure water should be applied to more than 1000kg every 667m2 to promote the growth of vines.

c. Tent and scatter. Loofah likes ventilation and light transmission. When the loofah vine grows more than 30cm, set up a shed in time, first insert a thicker tail bamboo next to each hole seedling as a pillar, and then cross the ground at a height of 2.3m from the ground. The bamboo poles with parallel faces are placed horizontally on the top of each bamboo tail to form a rectangular three-dimensional space structure. After the bamboo poles are placed straight every 30cm, the intersections are all tied with plastic ropes to form a melon shed. After the melon shed is built, the vine method is used to lead the vine to the shed, that is, the two rows of vines are relatively guided and extended, and the upper shed is guided. Separate the melons and vines in the same direction when they are on the shed, without entangled with each other. The vines are separated by 15cm. Afterwards, arrange the vines once every few days. Remove tendrils, side vines, male flowers and poorly grown "telephone tube" young melons and small cracks at any time. Melon, to facilitate nutrient concentration, promote melon stick hypertrophy, remove the greenhouse film after mid-May to let it grow naturally.

d. Harvesting. Loofah will be harvested in the middle and late May, once every 1-2 days, and stubble will be harvested in the middle of September.

â‘¢ Prevention of diseases and insect pests a. Diseases. Luffa seedlings are mainly cataplexy disease and anthracnose. Spray 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 500 times or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times at the initial stage of the disease, once every 7-10 days, and spray 2 times 3 times. Loofah powdery mildew can be sprayed with 50% Daisen zinc 600 times solution for prevention and control.

b. Insect pests. The maggots can be sprayed with 90% trichlorfon crystal 800 times solution for prevention; the ground tiger control is mainly based on manual capture, that is, dig deep in the broken seedlings every morning, and step on to death after digging out the ground tiger larvae. To prevent and cure melons, 600-800 times of pesticides such as kung fu (lambda cyhalothrin) emulsifiable concentrate can be sprayed and sprayed to prevent and cure vine leaves.

2.2 Coriander

â‘  Prepare the land for cutting and stubble removal, turn the ground 20cm, mix the soil and fertilizer, rake flat for the cutting, the width of the cutting is 1.0m, and the operation line of 50cm wide between the cuttings.

②Seed treatment The seeds are treated with cold water and low temperature before sowing. There are two common treatment methods. One is to refrigerate the refrigerator. At a low temperature of 5-10 ℃, the seeds are refrigerated in the refrigerator for 7-10 days; the second is unconditional Vegetable farmers can suspend the seeds in a cool deep well, and refrigerate for about 10 days with the help of the low temperature in the well, which can also achieve the effect of low temperature germination. Crush the seeds after low temperature treatment (it is better to break into two halves) to promote germination, then soak in water for 5 hours, and then soak the seeds in 50% carbendazim 500 times solution or 50% thiophanate 1000 times solution for 5 hours. After rinsing, wrap the germination with moist gauze, when 30% of the seeds are exposed, you can sow. After sowing, cover with straw or sunshade net.

â‘¢ Field management Coriander cultivated off-season, besides requiring shade and cooling, should pay attention to frequent watering to keep the moist surface. When the seedling height is about 5cm, that is, when the seedlings are 2-3 true leaves, the seedlings are 1-2 times, and the seedling distance is 3-5cm. * After the first seedling, it should be combined with irrigation for the top dressing. 667m2 urea 6-10kg; seedling height 7-8cm chasing the second fertilizer, applying urea 15-20kg for 667m2. Spray 1000-1200mg / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 1-2 times in the late growth period, and stop spraying 15 days before harvest.

â‘£Pest control 2-3 days after emergence, spraying seedlings with 800% solution of 90% trichlorfon crystals can control underground pests; spray with 50% anti-aphidine wettable powder 2000-3000 times solution to control aphids. Seedlings are more prone to soft rot. At the beginning of the disease, use 50% 600-800 times of fensonium or 400-600 times of 77% copper hydroxide wettable powder, spray once every 7 days, and continue to spray 3- 4 times.

⑤ Harvest coriander can be harvested about 45 days after sowing. The harvesting time * is selected in the early morning, and the batch selection is adopted for batch harvesting, one guarantees the quality and the other guarantees the output.