High-yield Cultivation Techniques of Thin-skinned Green Meat Melon Yutian Kuibao in Spring

Yutian Kuibao is a new generation of hybrid thin-skin varieties selected by Henan Yuyi Seed Industry Technology Development Co., Ltd. Because of its bright green flesh, high sugar content, crisp and delicious fragrance, good flavor and good market efficiency, it is welcomed by farmers and the planting area in melon areas such as Henan, Hebei and Shandong increases year by year. During the year of the free trial, when I visited the above melon planting areas, I found that there were problems in melon production, such as the failure of seedling cultivation technology, inadequate cultivation techniques, and inadequate pest control. The company's scientific research personnel have summed up a set of spring high-yield cultivation techniques for Yutian crispy treasure. After several years of promotion, the results are remarkable.

1 Characteristic characteristics of Yutian crispy treasure

Yutian Kuibao is a new type of very early maturing hybrid thin-skinned melon. The plant grows steadily, the leaf size is medium, the full growth period is about 95 days, and the fruit development is about 25 days. The fruit is big pear-shaped, with green skin and green flesh. The flesh is thick, emerald green and bright, crisp and delicious, with excellent taste. The content of soluble solids in the center can reach 14%. The single fruit mass is 400-600 g, and the yield of 667 m2 can reach 2 500 kg.

2 Sowing in time

Yutian Kuibao is suitable for spring shed and open field cultivation in Henan. The cultivation time of single film covering cultivation in spring is generally in the middle and middle of February, and the cultivation time in the open field is in the middle and middle of March. The suitable age for spring seedling raising is about 40 days, or the seedlings have 3-4 true leaves. In other areas, the appropriate nursery period can be determined according to the local climatic conditions.

3 Cultivate strong seedlings

3.1 Seed treatment

Yutian Kuibao's seeds are full and packed in inner bags, which have high germination potential and germination rate. Before sowing, choose sunny days to dry the seeds in the sun for 2-3 days, which can improve the germination potential of the seeds and promote the seedlings. Soak the dried seeds in room temperature water for 1-2 h, so that the seeds slowly absorb water, and then scald the seeds with warm water at 55 ℃ (2 parts of boiling water and 1 part of cold water) to avoid frying the shell when soaking in warm water. Stir the seeds in the warm soup without stopping, and let it soak for 4 hours when it is cooled to about 25 ℃, which can effectively kill the germs and insect eggs on the epidermis and inside of the seeds. Sterilizing with 1% potassium permanganate solution for 10-15 minutes can effectively prevent cataplexy, blight, and gray mold; soaking seeds with 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 15 minutes can effectively prevent viral diseases. After the seeds are disinfected, they must be rinsed with clean water and placed in a thermostat at 25-28 ℃ to germinate. After 2 days, 70% -80% of the seeds will be sown when exposed.

3.2 Preparation of seedling substrate

Select the fertile field soil and the cooked farm manure by mixing 6: 4 and sieve. Add 50 g carbendazim wettable powder 200 g to 1 m3 nutrient soil, spray and mix 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times in nutrient soil, and then pile up to sterilize and kill insects, which can effectively prevent seedling diseases and pests. It can also be selected as a substrate for high-quality melon and vegetable seedlings, which has the advantages of comprehensive nutrition, no bacteria, breathable, easy to use, etc. It can be directly installed in the plug tray.

3.3 Sowing

Choose to plant on a sunny day, which is conducive to neat emergence. Before sowing, water the seedling bed with 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 2000 times solution and 40% chlorpyrifos 2000 times solution. Sprinkle 25-30 trays of water evenly in each watering can (7.5-8 kg). Generally, one sprouting and white seed is sown per hole, and then covered with nutrient soil (substrate) of about 1 cm. After sowing, the seedling bed is sprinkled with a small amount of fresh water, covered with plastic film, and covered with an arch shed to achieve moisturizing and warming, and promote the emergence of seeds uniformly.

3.4 Management after sowing

In order to promote the emergence of seeds as soon as possible after sowing, the greenhouses and small arch sheds must be tightly covered to maintain a high temperature. The temperature should be kept at 28-32 ℃ during the day and 18-20 ℃ at night, not less than 13 ℃. When 30% -40% of the seeds are unearthed, the plastic film is peeled off to prevent the high-temperature burning seedlings and seedlings from growing too long. Before the cotyledons of seedlings turn green, the temperature in the daytime should not be higher than 20 ℃, and the temperature in the night should be controlled above 12 ℃. After the cotyledons turn green and flat before the true leaves grow, the temperature during the day is maintained at 20-26 ℃, and at night 15-18 ℃, not less than 10 ℃. After the true leaves grow, the temperature in the daytime can be increased appropriately, and the temperature in the nighttime can be reduced appropriately. The temperature is maintained at 22-30 ℃ during the day and 13-16 ℃ at night. The temperature of the seed bed is well controlled, which can effectively avoid the occurrence of leggy seedlings and disease at the seedling stage, and is conducive to the cultivation of strong seedlings.

After the true leaves of the plug seedlings appear, the seedlings need to be hydrated due to the accelerated growth of the seedlings. Watering at the seedling stage should be based on outside weather, bed humidity, seedling growth and development. Watering is generally carried out when the seedlings are partially wilted at noon on a continuous sunny day. In order to cultivate strong seedlings, high-quality ternary compound fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (20 g plus 15 kg of water) can be combined for watering, and the fertilizer should be applied once every 2-3 times. In order to prevent the occurrence of seedling diseases, every 10-15 days after the seedlings are sprayed with 600-800 times of the mildew aqueous solution or the cream of hydrochloric acid. The seedlings were colonized when they were 35-40 days old, or the seedlings had 3 true leaves. The seedlings were sprayed once a day before transplanting to prevent disease after planting.

4 Colonization

Greenhouse cultivation should buckle the greenhouse film 20-25 days before planting to help increase the ground temperature in the greenhouse. According to the soil fertility before planting, apply rotted organic fertilizer 3 000-4 000 kg as base fertilizer in 667 m2, and apply cake fertilizer with high phosphorus and potassium content and chicken poultry manure 500-600 kg, which can promote the healthy growth of the plant and enhance the disease resistance of the plant Ability to improve fruit quality; or apply potassium sulfate-type ternary compound fertilizer 80-100 kg. For plots with serious root-knot nematodes grown in melons all year round, 0.5% avermectin granules can be applied in combination with deep turning over 667 m2 4 kg can reduce the damage of root-knot nematodes to root growth and create a good environment for melon root growth.

The cultivation of Yutian Kuibao in greenhouses mostly adopts high ridge width and narrow row planting methods, which is convenient for management. The ridge spacing is 1.2—1.4 m, the ridge width is 60—80 cm, the ridge height is about 25 cm, and the turtle ’s border width is 60 cm. Planting with mulching film can effectively reduce air humidity and reduce disease occurrence. In the spring, the temperature of the 10 cm soil layer was stabilized at 13 ℃ to establish the planting. 1 800-2 000 plants were planted at a plant spacing of 60 cm and 667 m 2. In open field cultivation, most of them are grown on flat ground, with 900-1 000 plants colonized on 667 m2.

5 Management after planting

5.1 Management after slow planting before planting

After planting and planting in Yutian Crisp Pods, each hole is filled with enough water for planting, and it is not suitable for watering. Within 15 days after planting, due to the low temperature, heat preservation and slow seedling should be the mainstay. One week after planting, try not to let out the wind or let the wind out. The temperature during the day should be kept at about 30 ℃, and at least 15 ℃ at night, in order to slow down the seedlings. No watering is required within 1 week after planting.

5.2 Management after slow seedling

After the slow seedlings are cultivated in the greenhouse of Yutianjianbao, the temperature in the daytime should be kept at 25-30 ℃, and at least 13 ℃ at night; according to the soil moisture, one slow seedling water can be poured to help the seedlings take root. After the temperature gradually rises, the greenhouse should pay attention to ventilating and cooling, and gradually increase the vents. The temperature during the flowering and fruit setting period of the plant is controlled at 25-30 ℃ during the day and 15-18 ℃ at night; the fruit expansion period should be controlled at 25-32 ℃ during the day and 15-20 ℃ at night. When the temperature rises during the day and stabilizes above 23 ℃, and the temperature at night exceeds 15 ℃, the greenhouse film can be turned on day and night. After watering the seedlings, the plants are generally not watered before flowering, to prevent excessive humidity in the shed, which will cause the plants to grow long and cause disease. When cultivated in the open field, the soil should be shallowly cultivated in a timely manner to seal the ridges, and the underground pests and cultivating weeds should be controlled in time.

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