Wasabi, also known as snowflake and winter leeks, is a rare and fragrant plant and vegetable grown in the alpine mountains of the 1300-2500 meters above sea level. Its roots are polished and are famous spices in Japanese cuisine. Wasabi is expensive and has a large market demand. It used to be mainly exported to Japan.
Wasabi is a kind of seasoning food with health-care function. It has good taste and nutrient-rich, and has the functions of immune regulation, antibacterial, anti-cancer and anti-oxidation. The place suitable for the growth of wasabi is limited, mainly distributed in Yunnan Province in the south. Let's talk about the planting technique of wasabi.
I. Requirements for planting conditions of wasabi
(a) temperature
Wasabi is a yin-yellow, perennial herb with a minimum growth temperature of 8 ° C and a maximum temperature of 20 ° C. The optimum temperature is 15-18 ° C. It is subjected to freezing damage at minus 5 ° C. Fertility is inhibited at minus 20 ° C.
(2) Humidity
Wasabi is more wet than yin, requiring 75% water holding capacity in the field, and the relative humidity of the atmosphere is 80-90%. Less than 70% or higher than 95% is unfavorable for the growth and development of wasabi.
(3) Soil quality and field selection
The cultivated soil of wasabi is best to choose sandy loam with good drainage, sufficient water source, good irrigation conditions, altitude of 2000-2300m, good surrounding vegetation, slope of 5-10°, and good fertile permeability. The optimum pH value of the soil is 6.0-7.0, and the selection of organic matter is abundant, and the slope of the land is flat and the slope is 5-15 degrees. In order to prevent direct sunlight and increase the temperature and ground moisture, it is not suitable for the growth and development of wasabi.
(4) Demand for nutrients
The ratio of the three elements of N, P and K is 1:0.94:0.52.
Second, wasabi cultivation management methods
(1) Planting density and method
The height of the wasabi plant is about 25-65cm. The row spacing of the high-yield plant should be 6×4 or 6×3 inches, and the ridges of 2.05-28,000 plants per mu should be pulled to make the long-term shaded state. The seedlings of wasabi can be cultivated using their own roots, buds, seed tissues, and the like.
1, axillary sprouts
When the plants are harvested, the roots and stems are taken out for use, and it is best to harvest them at the large, medium and small scales.
2, root seedlings
When harvesting the plants, cut the strong roots or fibrous roots (about 0.20 cm or more), and bury them in the shaded forest in the autumn, and transplant them in Daejeon after about 4-6 months.
3, seed seedling transplanting
The seeds are harvested in about May and June. After harvesting, the seeds must be cold treated for a period of time (about 100 days). The refrigerating temperature is 0-5 °C, sowing in the autumn from October to November, and sprouting in the next 2-3 months. When grown to a certain height, it is transplanted in Daejeon in the fall.
(2) Fertilization technology
The chicken manure treated with high temperature and the base fertilizer is best applied, and the dosage is 600-700 kg. The topdressing should use 15-20 kg/mu of compound fertilizer or superphosphate. The topdressing time is in the spring and autumn seasons. The topdressing is 3cm away from the root to prevent disease.
(3) Pest control
Wasabi yin is wet and has a special reproductive environment, which is vulnerable to pests and diseases. Among them, black heart disease is the key control object of wasabi cultivation. The incidence rate of black heart disease field is 100%, the rate of disease is 90%-100%, and the incidence of field leaf is 25%. -70%, loss of 30%-70% can even destroy the park. Black heart disease has a great impact on the production of wasabi.
1. Choose a suitable plot. When the growth of geranium is malnourished, there is a tendency for black heart disease to occur frequently. Therefore, the cultivated land requires an altitude of 2000-2300 m, a good surrounding vegetation, a non-south slope, a sufficient water source, a slope of 5-10°, and a fertile and breathable sandy loam.
2. Choose resistant varieties. Although the stems of Shimane No. 3 and Shizuoka Prefecture are not resistant to disease, they are relatively resistant to disease.
3, the use of seedlings. Wasabi seedlings will also be infected if the mother plant is infected with the diseased seedlings, and there must be wounds when the seedlings are harvested, so the black heart disease can easily spread to each other during the operation. Seedlings need only be prepared for seed disinfection and screening. When you dig the seedlings, you will not take too many wounds when you pay attention to it.
4, the use of disease-free strong seedlings. The ramets should be taken from the mother plants that have not been infected and carefully examined whether the vascular bundles at the bottom of the ramets are blackened. Any vascular bundles with black spots must be removed. When purchasing a seedling, it is necessary to pay attention to the incidence of the place of origin. In the case of seedlings, since the seeds are also contagious, the pods with the shells stained with black lesions should be removed.
5, digging weeds. If the height of weeds exceeds the height of wasabi, it will seriously affect the growth of wasabi and increase the occurrence of pests and diseases. However, it is forbidden to weed in rainy days and when the humidity is too high in the morning. After weeding, a large amount of micro-wounds of wasabi should be paid attention to spray protection.
6. Scientifically control pests. Do a good job in the prevention and control of pests such as Plutella xylostella, Pieris rapae, Flea, and cockroaches. It is easy to induce black heart disease when pests are produced.
7. Do a good job in water and fertilizer management. In summer, when the surface temperature exceeds 20 °C, it is easy to develop disease. Therefore, it is necessary to choose a good transplanting planting period, and to seal the stems and leaves as much as possible before the high temperature and dry season, which can effectively control weeds, maintain moisture and reduce surface temperature. In the place where the sunshine is strong, plant trees to shade or use shade nets to artificially shade. In the spring and autumn, the two growing seasons are good for fertilization and watering work. Pay attention to the balanced fertilization seedlings and less application of large seedlings.
8. Shorten the growth period. The nature of black heart disease is the part that easily invades the aging of the rhizome. The rhizome should be inflated as soon as possible, and early harvesting can reduce the harm of the disease.
9. Reasonable rotation. Wasabi should be rotated with leguminous or gramineous crops and covered with green manure.
10. Pesticide control. Spray protection with 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 500 times. In the early stage of the disease, 50% of the sudanin suspension is sprayed with 1000-1500 times of liquid, and it is taken once every 7-10 days.
The above is the technology of wasabi planting. Although the price of the wasabi is high and the market demand is large, the growth environment is very demanding, so the wasabi is a very rare seasoning vegetable. The above content is for reference only. If you want to know more about agricultural technology, please pay attention to Hui Nong School!
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