Planting pollution-free cowpeas should follow the 16-character principle in the production process, that is, "strict selection of drugs, appropriate application of pesticides, appropriate use of drugs, correct application of pesticides." Strict drug selection in the selection of pesticide species, first, biological pesticides pioneer. Biological control of crop pests and diseases is the current trend of plant protection. Since the 1980s, China has successively developed Bt emulsions, bacteriophage, Suolibao, insect glycosides, diterpene, antifeedants, ringworm emulsions and various antibiotics such as Jinggangmycin and agricultural streptomycin. These biological pesticides have a good control effect on vegetable pests and diseases, and do not harm natural enemies, pollute the environment, and are safe for humans and animals. Second, earth-made pesticides are supporting actors. The indigenous pesticides not only have a wide source of raw materials, they are simple to produce, and they are non-toxic, non-polluting and have a low cost. They have great potential for green vegetable production. Such as tobacco leachate (1:60) plus a small amount of lime can control locusts, spider mites, thrips, etc.; with 10% pig bile solution plus 1% baking soda or detergent can drive cowpea wild pheasant; pepper extract (1:60) It has higher control effect on leaf roller insects and aphids. Third, high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides are used to cheer. Scientifically and reasonably select high-efficiency, low-mildew, low-residue chemical pesticides such as dimethoate, phoxim, dichlorvos, etc., and strictly control safety intervals, application times, and drug concentration. Fourth, virulent pesticides are banned from the field. It is forbidden to use highly toxic and high-residue pesticides such as methamidophos, carbofuran, insecticidal fleas, methyl 1605, monocrotophos, and sodium pentachlorophenol on various vegetables. The use of appropriate drugs to select the weakest period of pest development will play a multiplier effect. For example, the chemical control of cowpea pods should start from the flowering stage and be sprayed at 9:00 am every day. The main part of the spray is the buds, flowers, and the more dense pods. Try to be as good as possible and eliminate the pests. Before the early age. In addition, each pesticide has a certain safety interval, such as the safety interval of biological pesticides is 3-5 days, pyrethroid drugs 5-7 days, organic phosphorus pesticides 7-10 days (a few more than 15 days), sterilization Chlorothalonil, carbendazim, etc. are also required for the agent for more than 14 days and the rest for 7-10 days. Must strictly control the safety interval. Appropriate use of appropriate amount of medication includes strict control of drug concentration and dosage, and appropriate reduction in the number of medications. In general, the use of pyrethroid insecticides (such as kung fu, enemy killing, etc.) is 2000-3000 times, that of organic phosphorus insecticides (such as trichlorfon, dimethoate, etc.) is 1500-2000 times, and biological pesticides (For example, Bt, Insox, etc.) It is 500-800 times, Hormones (such as Caspaz, Cyclone, etc.) is about 300 times, fungicides are often 600-800 times. In the use of the dose, the general amount of liquid medicine in the effective concentration range is 15-25 kg. With the low-volume and small-diameter hole (0.1mm) spraying technology, the amount of spray is small, but the droplets are fine, and the area spread on the leaf surface is large, and the effective utilization rate is high. The correct application of pesticides due to different types of pests and diseases, according to their different field distribution, choose the appropriate method of application. For example, focused and focused pesticide application can be conducted on the locusts, leafhoppers and most disease occurrence centers. The bean virus disease relying on seed transmission can be controlled by warm soaking and seed dressing, so as to reduce the use of pesticides. For example, small tigers and other pests can adopt the method of poison bait trapping. The prevention and treatment of cowpea field boar can have strong phototaxis habits for their adults, using light trapping methods. China Agricultural Network Editor
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