On May 23, a new case of imported Zika virus disease was reported in Beijing. This case was the second case of imported Zika virus disease found in Beijing. Since February of this year, 18 cases of imported Zika virus infection have been reported in Mainland China, of which 12 were reported in Guangdong and no deaths have been reported. Facts have proved that even in Beijing, mosquitoes that transmit Zika virus should not be taken lightly.
Distribution of mosquitoes that spread Zika virus across the country
Zika virus disease is a self-limiting acute disease caused by Zika virus and transmitted by mosquitoes. Zika virus is transmitted mainly through the bite of Aedes aegypti, and the onset season is related to the local season of the Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The peak of the epidemic occurred mostly in summer and autumn.
Zika virus is transmitted mainly through Aedes aegypti, and Aedes aegypti is mainly distributed in the Taiwan region of China, Hainan, Leizhou Peninsula of Guangdong, and Yunnan's border area. Beijing has not yet found such mosquitoes. However, Aedes albopictus is distributed in most of the country's provinces, including Beijing, and this mosquito also carries the risk of spreading Zika virus.
At present, the disease control department has included cases of Zika virus infection in the national infectious disease information reporting system and implemented direct Internet reporting. China Quality Inspection and other departments have issued an announcement requesting people from relevant countries and regions to report actively if they have fever, skin rash or other related symptoms. At the same time, various entry-exit inspection and quarantine agencies have been equipped with Zika virus detection reagents to carry out rapid tests and laboratory tests.
Global Zika virus epidemic in 60 countries and regions
In the tropics and subtropics, Zika virus disease can develop throughout the year. The clinical features are mainly fever, rash, conjunctivitis, or joint pain and rarely cause death. The World Health Organization believes that neonatal microcephaly and Guillain-Barre syndrome may be related to Zika virus infection.
Zika virus disease is prevalent in Latin America and the Caribbean, Africa, Southeast Asia, and Pacific island countries. According to the latest data released by the World Health Organization, as of May 18, 2016, there are still 60 countries and regions in the world reporting Zika virus epidemic, of which Brazil, Colombia, Cape Verde, El Salvador, Venezuela, Suriname, Honduras, Samo The situation in the Asia-Pacific countries and regions is more serious.
From October 1, 2015 to March 12, 2016, Colombia reported 55,724 suspected cases of Zika virus. The peak of the local outbreak was February 7, 2016, and the current number of cases showed a downward trend. The number of confirmed cases in the laboratory was 2355 cases. From October 1, 2015 to March 6, 2016, Cape Verde, Africa, reported 7,499 suspected cases of Zika virus, including 165 pregnant women suspected of being infected with Zika virus, and are currently being followed up. The number of reported cases peaked on November 22, 2015 and declined thereafter.
Neonatal head malformations in 9 countries and regions
A total of 9 countries or territories have reported cases of microcephaly and other fetal malformations that are associated with Zika virus infection or are suggestive of mother-to-child transmission, including Brazil, Cape Verde, Colombia, French Polynesia, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Slovenia and the United States. The mothers of the three malformed children reported by Slovenia and the United States had short-term residence history in South America such as Brazil or Mexico.
The number of reported cases of neonatal microcephaly in Brazil has been on the rise. From October 22, 2015 to March 19, 2016, Brazil reported a total of 6671 patients with microcephaly and/or central nervous system abnormalities, including 198 deaths. Between 2001 and 2014, the number of annual reports of Brazilian microcephaly was only 163. 2378 of the 6671 cases were investigated, 907 of which may have been transmitted through mother-to-child transmission.
Avoid mosquito bites and do four kinds of protection
Life continues and work cannot stop. If you must go to a mosquito-borne area, you need to protect yourself from four aspects to avoid mosquito bites.
First, pay attention to doing a good job of personal protection. Wearing light-colored long-sleeved clothes, wearing a hat, reducing skin exposure, frequent bathing, keeping the skin fresh, reducing the attraction to mosquitoes, and sleeping with mosquito nets.
Second, to carry mosquito repellent. For insect repellents containing DEET or mosquito repellent, it is best to choose a mosquito repellent product with a concentration of about 10% to ensure mosquito repellent effect. When using outdoor activities, apply mosquito repellent to all exposed skin, especially behind the ears and neck. The effective protection time of the repellent is generally 4-6 hours. After this time you need to apply mosquito repellent again. 100mL insect repellent is generally available for 1 person for about one week. It is important to note that ordinary toilet water does not have an anti-mosquito effect and cannot be used to repel mosquitoes. Infants and young children should not use mosquito repellent products containing DEET.
Third, carry mosquito coils. Electric mosquito coils can be used in places where there is a power supply, and there is no power supply. A mosquito coil can also be used. If people are in the room, the mosquito coils can be placed on the upwind side, which will facilitate the diffusion of the drugs that are emitted from mosquito coils. It is also possible to light the mosquito coils for 1 hour in a closed room before falling asleep in the dark, and then open the windows for ventilation (the screens should be closed). The use time of each electrothermal mosquito-repellent incense tablet is generally 8 hours. With the decrease of efficacy, the color of the mosquito-repellent incense tablet gradually changes from blue to white, and the effective use space of each electrothermal mosquito-repellent incense tablet is 10-15 square meters. When mosquito-repellent incense is used in rooms with poor ventilation, attention should be paid to timely ventilation, and the general use of mosquito-repellent incense should not exceed 8 hours.
Fourth, carrying wind spirits, cool oil. Mosquito bites can cause skin irritation and other allergic reactions. You can use soapy water, wind balm, or cool oil to relieve itching.
Wen/Zeng Xiaotong (Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention)
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